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Sanhedrin 5:2-3
Sanhedrin5: 2
כָּל הַמַּרְבֶּה בִבְדִיקוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה מְשֻׁבָּח. מַעֲשֶׂה וּבָדַק בֶּן זַכַּאי בְּעֻקְצֵי תְאֵנִים. וּמַה בֵּין חֲקִירוֹת לִבְדִיקוֹת? חֲקִירוֹת, אֶחָד אוֹמֵר ,,אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ”, עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵלָה. בְּדִיקוֹת, אֶחָד אוֹמֵר ,,אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ”, וַאֲפִלּוּ שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים ,,אֵין אָנוּ יוֹדְעִין”, עֵדוּתָן קַיֶּמֶת. אֶחָד חֲקִירוֹת וְאֶחָד בְּדִיקוֹת, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמַּכְחִישִׁין זֶה אֶת זֶה, עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵלָה.
Whoever expands the interrogations is praiseworthy. It [once] happened that Ben Zakkai interrogated concerning the stems of figs. What [difference] is there between examinations and interrogations? [In the case of] examinations, [if] one says, “I do not know,” their testimony is null. [In the case of] interrogations, [if] one says, “I do not know,” or even [if] two say, “We do not know,” their testimony is upheld. Whether [in the case of] examinations or [in the case of] interrogations, if they contradict each other, their testimony is null.
Sanhedrin5: 3
אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בִּשְׁנַיִם בַּחֹדֶשׁ וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בִּשְׁלשָׁה בַחֹדֶשׁ, עֵדוּתָן קַיֶּמֶת, שֶׁזֶּה יוֹדֵעַ בְּעִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל חֹדֶשׁ וְזֶה אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּעִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל חֹדֶשׁ. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בִּשְׁלשָׁה וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בַּחֲמִשָּׁה, עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵלָה. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בִּשְׁתֵּי שָׁעוֹת וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁלשׁ שָׁעוֹת, עֵדוּתָן קַיֶּמֶת. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּשָׁלשׁ וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּחָמֵשׁ, עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵלָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: קַיֶּמֶת. אֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּחָמֵשׁ וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר בְּשֶׁבַע, עֵדוּתָן בְּטֵלָה, שֶׁבְּחָמֵשׁ חַמָּה בַמִּזְרָח וּבְשֶׁבַע חַמָּה בַמַּעֲרָב.
[If] one says [it happened] on the second of the month and one says [it happened] on the third of the month, their testimony is upheld, because this one is aware of the intercalation of the month and this one is not aware of the intercalation of the month. [If] one says [it happened] on the third and one says [it happened] on the fifth, their testimony is null. [If] one says [it happened] in the second hour [of the day] and one says [it happened] in the third hour [of the day], their testimony is up-held. [If] one says [it happened] in the third [hour] and one says in the fifth, their testimony is null. R’ Yehudah says: It is up-held. [But if] one says [it happened] in the fifth [hour] and one says in the seventh, their testimony is null, because in the fifth [hour] the sun is to the east while in the seventh [hour] it is to the west.
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