Capital cases are [judged] by twenty-three. The [animal] which commits an act of bestiality or is its recipient [is judged] by twenty-three, as it says: And you shall kill the woman and the animal, and it says: And the animal you shall kill. An ox which is to be stoned [is judged] by twenty-three, as it says: The ox shall be stoned and also its owner shall be put to death —- in the same manner as the owner [is put to] death, the ox is [put to] death.  The wolf, the lion, the bear, the leopard, the bardelas, and the snake are sentenced to death by twenty-three. R’ Eliezer says: Whoever is first to kill them acquires merit. R’ Akiva says: Their death is by twenty-three.

A tribe, a false prophet, and a Kohen Gadol, may not be judged except before the court of seventy-one. A discretionary war may not be waged without the approval of the court of seventy-one. Additions to the city and to the courtyards may be made only with the court of seventy-one. Sanhedrins for the tribes may be appointed only by the court of seventy-one. An apostate town can be so designated only by the court of seventy-one. They cannot designate an apostate town on the border, nor three, but they may so designate one or two.