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Mikvaos 3:1-2
Rabbi Zvi Nussbaum

ืคืจืง ื’


ืžืฉื ื” ื


ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื–ื” ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ื•ืœื–ื” ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืคืกื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื•ื ืคืœื• ื‘ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ืคืกื•ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืกืจื• ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ืขื•ื“


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ. ื•ืœื–ื” ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ื•ื ืชืขืจื‘ื•


ื•ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืคื•ืกืœื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื”, ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื™ืŸ


ืฉืœื ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื ืคืกื•ืœ


ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ


ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ื


ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื”


ืคืกื•ืœ


ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ


ื•ื—ืกืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื˜ื•ื‘


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื ื ื—ืกืจ ืžืžื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื


ื›ืฉืจ


ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื”. ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื ื—ืกืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ


ืงืจื˜ื•ื‘


ื—ืœืง ืžืก"ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื’


ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืžืœื•ืื•


ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ


ื•ืขื•ื“


ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ืกืื” ืžื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชืžืœื ืื—"ื› ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ืกืื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ


-------------------------------


ืžืฉื ื” ื‘


ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื•ื™ื˜ื”ืจื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื” ืคื•ืกืœ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืคืงืง


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืฉื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื”


ืžืงื•ื” ื›ืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ, ื•ืคื•ืชืงืŸ ืœื›ืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจ, ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ ืืกื™ืง. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ ืื—ื™ืช


ืื"ื› ืคืกืง


ืฉืคืกืงื• ืžื™ืžื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื• ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ืื"ื› ืคืงืง ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื"ื› ืกืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืœื” ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื™ ืขื™ืงืจ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื”


Mikvaos3: 1
[ื] ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืกึตื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดืงึฐื•ึธืื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืกึฐืึธื”, ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึธื–ึถื” ืœึนื’ ื•ึผืžึถื—ึฑืฆึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืœึนื’ ื•ึผืžึถื—ึฑืฆึธื”, ื•ึฐื ึดืชึฐืขึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตืจึดื™ื, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืฉืึตื ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืœ. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึดืงึฐื•ึถื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืกึฐืึธื”, ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืœึปื’ึผึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื ึถื—ึฑืœึทืง ืœึดืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื, ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืœ, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืฉืึตื ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืœ. ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ืžึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจ, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืงึฐื•ึถื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืกึฐืึธื”, ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืœึปื’ึผึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื—ึธืกึตืจ ืึฒืคึดื™ืœึผื•ึผ ืงึนืจึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘, ื›ึผึธืฉืึตืจ, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื—ึธืกึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึถื” ืœึปื’ึผึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึทื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืกื•ึผืœื•ึน, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฆึตื ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืžึฐืœื•ึนืื•ึน ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“.
1. Rโ€™ Yose says: [If there are] two mikvaos, neither of which contains forty seโ€™ah, and a log and a half [of sheuvin] fell into the one, and a log and a half [of sheuvin] fell into the other, and [then] they became mixed, [their waters] are [still] valid, because they were never designated as disqualified. But [if there is] a mikveh that does not contain forty seโ€™ah, and three lugin [of sheuvin] fell into it, and it was [then] divided into two, [the waters remain] disqualified, because they have already been designated as disqualified. But Rโ€™ Yehoshua declares them valid, for Rโ€™ Yehoshua used to say: Any mikveh not containing forty seโ€™ah, into which three lugin [of sheuvin] fell, and [then] even one kortov was removed, [the water] is valid because it is short of three lugin [of sheuvin]. [But] the Sages say: It is forever in its disqualified state until the full [amount of its original] contents flows out, plus a little more.
Mikvaos3: 2
[ื‘] ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“? ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึถื—ึธืฆึตืจ, ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืœึปื’ึผึดื™ืŸ, ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืกื•ึผืœื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฆึตื ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืžึฐืœื•ึนืื•ึน ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“; ืื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึถื—ึธืฆึตืจ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืกึฐืึธื”, ื•ึฐื™ึดื˜ึฐื”ึฒืจื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืขึฒื–ึทืจึฐื™ึธื” ืคึผื•ึนืกึตืœ, ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืคึผึธืงึทืง.
2. How so? A cistern in a courtyard, into which three lugin [of sheuvin] fell, is forever in its disqualified state until the full [amount of its original] contents flows out, plus a little more; or until he sets up in the courtyard [a mikveh] of forty seโ€™ah, and the upper [waters] become tahor by the lower ones. [But] Rโ€™ Eliezer ben Azaryah declares it invalid, unless he closed it up.

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