Rice, millet, poppy and sesame which took root before Rosh Hashanah are tithed according to the [year] past and are permitted in the seventh [year]; but if not, they are forbidden in the seventh [year] and are tithed according to the coming year.

R’ Shimon Shezuri says: The Egyptian bean which was planted for seed from the very beginning is like them. R’ Shimon says: Thick beans are like them. R’ Elazar says: Thick beans [only] when they formed pods before Rosh Hashanah.

Onions which produce no seed, and the Egyptian bean, from which one withheld water thirty days before Rosh Hashanah, are tithed according to the [year] past and are permitted in the seventh [year]; if not, they are forbidden in the seventh [year] and are tithed according to the coming year. [If they are] from a field watered by rain — that he withheld water from them for two periods; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. But the Sages say: Three.

Gourds which he kept for seed — if they hardened before Rosh Hashanah and became unfit for human consumption, it is permitted to keep them in the seventh [year]; but if not, it is forbidden to keep them in the seventh [year]. Their sproutings are forbidden in the seventh [year]. One may water white soil; [these are] the words of R’ Shimon. R’ Eliezer ben Yaacov forbids [this]. One may stir the rice paddy during the seventh [year]. R’ Shimon says: But one may not trim [the rice plants].

From when may one remove dung to the heaps? From when the workers stop work; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah says: From when the fertilizer dries up. R’ Yose says: From when [it] becomes knotty.

How much dung may be heaped? Up to three heaps per beis seah, each consisting of ten containers [of dung] of a lesach each. One may add to the containers, but one may not add to the heaps. R’ Shimon says: Even to the heaps.

A person may establish three heaps to a beis seah [in] his field; more than this, he must make a hollow; [these are] the words of R’ Shimon. But the Sages forbid [this] unless he lowers [the dumpsite] three [handbreadths into the ground] or raises [it] three [above the ground]. A person may place his dung in a stockpile. R’ Meir forbids this unless he lowers [the dumpsite] three [handbreadths into the ground] or raises [it] three [above the ground]. [If] he had a small amount, he may add to it continually. R’ Elazar ben Azaryah forbids [this] unless he lowers [the dumpsite] three [handbreadths], or raises [it] three, or unless he puts [it] on a boulder.

. Someone penning [animals] in his field makes a corral of two beis seah, [and then] removes three sides and leaves the middle; this results in his having penned an area of four beis seah. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: An area of eight beis seah. [If] his total field was an area of four beis seah, he must leave over part of it, because of the appearance of impropriety. He [then] removes [it] from the enclosure and puts [it] into this field in the manner of those who store dung.

A person may not open a quarry initially in his field, unless it has in it three rows, which are three [cubits] by three [cubits] by a height of three [cubits] — their measure [being] twenty-seven stones.

[If] a fence has in it ten stones each of which is a two-man burden, they may be taken. The measure of a wall is ten handbreadths. Less than this it is [like] a quarry, and he may raze it to within one handbreadth of the ground. In regard to what was this said? [In regard to removing stones] from within his own [field], but from within his friends’s [field] he may take what he wants. In regard to what was this said? When he did not begin it by the eve of the seventh [year]; but if he began it by the eve of the seventh [year], he may take what he wants. [If] a fence has in it ten stones each of which is a two-man burden, they may be taken. The measure of a wall is ten handbreadths. Less than this it is [like] a quarry, and he may raze it to within one handbreadth of the ground. In regard to what was this said? [In regard to removing stones] from within his own [field], but from within his friends’s [field] he may take what he wants. In regard to what was this said? When he did not begin it by the eve of the seventh [year]; but if he began it by the eve of the seventh [year], he may take what he wants.

Stones that were dislodged by the plow, or that were covered and became exposed — if there are two [stones] among them [that are] a two-man burden, they may be taken. Someone clearing stones from his field may remove the upper [ones] but must leave those which touch the ground. Similarly, [when clearing] a pile of pebbles or a heap of stones — he may remove the upper [ones] but must leave those which touch the ground. If there was bedrock or straw underneath them, they may be taken.

One may not build steps leading to ravines on the eve of the seventh [year] once the rains have stopped, because he is preparing them for the seventh [year]. But he may build during the seventh [year] once the rains have stopped, because he is preparing them for [the year] following the seventh. He may not support [the dam] with mortar, but he may make a [loose] partition. Any stone which one can stretch out his hand and take may be taken.

Shoulder stones may be brought from any place; and a contractor may bring from any place. What are shoulder stones? Any that cannot be carried with one hand; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yose says: Shoulder stones [are] as their name [implies] — any that are carried two or three [at a time] on the shoulder.

One who builds a wall between his [property] and the public domain is permitted to dig down to the bedrock. What should he do with the dirt? He should pile it in the public domain and repair it; [these are] the words of R’ Yehoshua. R’ Akiva says: Just as one may not cause damage to the public domain, so too one should not [even] repair it. What [then] should he do with the dirt? He should pile it inside his field in the manner of stored dung. So too, one who digs a pit, a ditch, or a vault.