A quarter [-log] of blood and a quarter [-log] of death blood [convey tumah] if they are from one corpse. R’ Akiva says: [Even] from two corpses. If all the blood of an embryo emanated, R’ Akiva says: [Even] a tiny amount [conveys tumah]; whereas the Sages say: [Only if there is] a quarter [-log]. An olive’s volume of worms, whether alive or dead — R’ Eliezer declares it tamei like the flesh [of a corpse], but the Sages declare [it] tahor. The ash of cremated corpses — R’ Eliezer says: Its [minimum] measure [to convey tumah] is a quarter [-kav of ash], but the Sages declare it tahor. A little more than a ladleful of grave powder is tamei. R’ Shimon declares it ta-hor. A ladleful of corpse powder that was kneaded with water is not [considered] connected in respect to tumah.

These convey tumah via touch or carrying, but do not convey tumah via ohel: a bone the size of a barleycorn; the land of the nations; a field in which a grave was plowed over; a limb [severed] from a corpse or a limb [severed] from a living body that is lacking sufficient flesh [to heal]; [and] a spine and a skull that are incomplete. How much is considered ‘‘missing’’ in the spine [for it to be considered incom-plete]? Beis Shammai says: Two vertebrae. But Beis Hillel says: Even one vertebra. And of the skull? Beis Shammai says: As [large as the hole] made by a gimlet. But Beis Hillel says: An amount which, if removed from a living person, would cause him to die. Which gimlet are they referring to? The small one used by physicians — these are the words of R’ Meir. But the Sages say: The large gimlet of the [Temple] chamber.