A succah that is more than twenty cubits high is invalid. R’ Yehudah validates it.  And [a succah] that is not ten handbreadths high, or [one] that does not have three walls, or [one] whose sun[ny area] is greater than its shade[d area], is invalid.  An old succah —- Beis Shammai invalidate it and Beis Hillel validate it. And what is [considered] an “old” succah? Whatever one built thirty days prior to the Festival. But if one built it specifically for the Festival, even [if he put it up] at the beginning of the year, it is valid.

If one builds his succah under a tree, it is as though he had built it inside the house.  If a succah [is built] atop another succah the upper one is valid, and the lower one is invalid. R’ Yehudah says: If there can be no tenancy in the upper one, [only] the lower one is valid.

If one spread a sheet over [the s’chach] because of the sun, or beneath it because of the falling leaves, or if one spread it over a four-poster bed, it is invalid. However, one may spread it over a two-poster bed.

If one raised onto it a grapevine, a gourd, or ivy, and covered it with s’chach, it is invalid. But if the s’chach exceeded them, or if he detached them, it is valid.  This is the rule [regarding the validity of s’chach]: Whatever is susceptible to contamination or does not grow from the ground, we may not use for s’chach; but whatever is not susceptible to contamination and grows from the ground, we may use for s’chach.

Bundles of straw, bundles of wood, or bundles of fresh cane, may not be used for s’chach; but all of these are valid when they are untied.  All of them are valid for the walls.

We may cover the succah with boards; these are the words of R’ Yehudah. But R’ Meir forbids it.  If one placed atop it a board that is four handbreadths wide, [the succah] is valid, except that one may not sleep under [the board].

A roof that has no plaster on it —- R’ Yehudah says: Beis Shammai say one loosens them and removes every other board; but Beis Hillel say, he [either] loosens [them] or removes every other one.  R’ Meir says: He removes every other one but does not loosen [them].

If one roofs his succah with spits or bed boards, if the space between them is equal to themselves, it is valid.  If one hollowed out a haystack to make a succah inside it, it is not a succah.

If one suspends the walls from above downwards, if [they are] three handbreadths above the ground, it is invalid; from below upwards, if it reaches a height of ten handbreadths from the ground, it is valid.  R’ Yose says: Just as from below upwards ten handbreadths [suffice], so from above downwards ten handbreadths [suffice].  If one moved the s’chach three handbreadths away from the walls, it is invalid.

A house that was breached and he placed s’chach over it, if there are four cubits from the wall to the s’chach, it is invalid. The same [applies to] a courtyard that is surrounded by a portico.  A large succah that they ringed with material that we may not use for s’chach, if there were four cubits beneath it, it is invalid.

If one makes his succah like a conical hut, or he leaned it against the wall, R’ Eliezer invalidates it since it has no roof; but the Sages declare it valid.  A large reed mat —- if made to lie upon, it is susceptible to contamination and we may not use it for s’chach; if for shade, we may use it for s’chach and it is not susceptible to contamination.  R’ Eliezer says: Whether [the mat is] small or large —- if he made it to lie upon, it is susceptible to contamination and we may not use it as s’chach; if for s’chach, we may use it for s’chach and it is not susceptible to contamination.