A barrel: Its measure [for tumah] is with dried figs, [these are] the words of R’ Shimon. R’ Yehudah says: [Its measure is] with walnuts. R’ Meir says: [Its measure is] with olives. A stewpot and a cooking pot: Their measures are with olives. A flask and a tefi: Their measures are with oil, and a tzartzur’s measure is with water. R’ Shimon says: [The measures of] all three are with seeds. A lamp: Its measure is with oil. R’ Eliezer says: [Its measure is] with a small perutah. A lamp whose mouth has been removed is tahor, and [a lamp] of [unbaked] clay whose mouth has been fired by the wick is tahor.

A barrel that developed a hole, and one repaired it with pitch, and it broke: If the place of the pitch can contain a quarter-log it is tamei, since [the barrel] never lost its designation as a utensil. An earthenware fragment that developed a hole, and one repaired it with pitch, even though it can contain a quarter-log it is tahor, since it lost its designation as a utensil.

A barrel that has fractured and one coated it with dung: Even though one removes the dung and the fragments fall [apart] it is tamei, since it never lost its designation as a utensil. [If the barrel] broke and one glued its fragments [together], or if one brought fragments from elsewhere, and [then] coated them with dung, even though one removes the dung and the fragments remain [together] it is tahor, since it lost its designation as a utensil. [If] it had a fragment that can contain a quarter-log, the entire [barrel] transmits tumah via contact, and opposite [that fragment] transmits tumah via airspace.

[If] one coats a sound earthenware utensil, R’ Meir and R’ Shimon rule [the coating] tamei, but the Sages say: [If] one coats a sound [utensil, then the coating] is tahor, but [if one coats] a fractured [utensil, the coating] is tamei. And the same applies to the reinforcement of a gourd-shell.

The yablis used to coat pithoi: That which touches it is tamei. The stopper of a barrel is not [regarded as] connected. That which touches the coating of an oven is tamei.

A boiler that one coated with mortar or potters’ clay: That which touches the mortar is tamei while [that which touches] the potters’ clay is tahor. A kettle that developed a hole and one repaired it with pitch: R’ Yose rules it tahor because it cannot hold hot [liquids] as [it does] cold [liquids]. And that is how he used to rule concerning utensils of pitch. Copper utensils coated with pitch are tahor, but if [meant] for wine, they are tamei.

A barrel that developed a hole and one repaired it with more pitch than necessary: That which touches the necessary [pitch] is tamei, [while that which touches] the un- necessary [pitch] is tahor. Pitch that dripped onto a barrel: That which touches it is tahor. A wooden or earthenware funnel that was plugged with pitch: R’ Elazar ben Azariah rules [them] tamei; R’ Akiva rules the wooden [funnel] tamei but rules the earthenware [funnel] tahor; R’ Yose rules both of them tahor.

An earthenware fragment that cannot stand because of its handle, or it has a protrusion and the protrusion tilts it, is tahor. [If] the handle was removed [or] the protrusion broke off, it is [still] tahor; R’ Yehudah rules [it] tamei. A barrel whose bottom fell out but is able to contain on its walls, or it split [and became] like two troughs: R’ Yehudah rules [it] tahor, but the Sages rule [it] tamei.

A barrel that has fractured and cannot be transported with a half-kav of dried figs is tahor. A gistera that has fractured and cannot contain liquids, although it can contain [solid] foods, is tahor, since there are no remnants for remnants.

Which [damaged utensil] is a gistera? Any [utensil] whose handles have been removed. [If] it had protrusions jutting out: Any [protrusion] that can contain olives transmits tumah via contact, and opposite [that area] transmits tumah via airspace; any [protrusion] that cannot contain olives transmits tumah via contact, but opposite [that area] does not transmit tumah via airspace. [If] it was resting on its side, like a katedra: Any [protrusion] that can contain olives transmits tumah via contact, and opposite [that area] transmits tumah via airspace; any [protrusion] that cannot contain olives transmits tumah via contact, but opposite [that area] does not transmit tumah via airspace. The bottoms of Kurfian [utensils] and the bottoms of Sidonian cups — even though they cannot stand without support — are tamei, since this is how they were initially made.

An earthenware utensil that has three rims: [If] the inner one is higher, everything is tahor; [if] the outer one is higher, everything is tamei; [if] the middle one is higher, [then everything] from it and inward is tamei, [while everything] from it and outward is tahor. [If] they were even: R’ Yehudah says: We divide the middle [receptacle]. But the Sages say: Everything is tahor. From which point do earthenware utensils contract tumah? From when they are fired in the kiln, and this is the completion of their manufacture.

An oven: Its beginning is four [handbreadths] and its remnants are four [handbreadths, these are] the words of R’ Meir. But the Sages say: When do these words apply? In [the case of] a large [oven], but in [the case of] a small [oven], its beginning is the smallest amount and its remnants are the majority of it. [The above applies] from the time its manufacture is complete. What is [considered] the completion of its manufacture? From when one heats it enough to bake sponge cakes in it. R’ Yehudah says: When one heats a new [oven] enough to bake sponge cakes in an old [oven].