[If] it developed a blemish during its [first] year, it is permissible to keep it for the entire twelve months; after its [first] year, he may keep it only until thirty days.

[If] one slaughters a bechor and [then] shows its blemish —- R’ Yehudah permits [it]; R’ Meir [however] says: Since it was slaughtered without the sanction of an expert, it is forbidden.

[If] one who is not an expert inspected a bechor, and it was slaughtered by his sanction —- it must be buried, and he must make restitution from his property.  [If] one derived a verdict [and] he declared the guilty party innocent, or he declared the innocent party guilty, [or] he declared [something] tamei which was [in fact] tahor, or he declared [something] tahor which was [in fact] tamei —- what he has done is done, and he must make restitution from his own property. But if he was an expert approved by the court, he is exempt from making restitution. It happened that a cow’s womb had been removed, and R’ Tarfon had it fed to dogs, and the case came before the Sages, who declared it permissible. Todos the physician said: Not a cow or sow leaves Alexandria until its womb is cut away, in order that it should not give birth. Said R’ Tarfon, “Your donkey has departed, Tarfon!” R’ Akiva said to him, “R’ Tarfon, you are exempt, for you are an expert approved by the court, and any expert approved by the court is exempt from making restitution.”

[If] one takes payment for inspecting bechoros, [we] do not slaughter [them] by his sanction, unless he is an expert like Ayala at Yavneh, whom the Sages permitted to take four issars for small livestock, and six [issars] for large [livestock], whether unblemished or blemished.

[If] one takes payment for judging, his decisions are void; for testifying, his testimonies are void; for sprinkling or for mixing [purification water] —- his water is [like] cave water, and his ashes are [like] ordinary ashes. If he was a Kohen, and he contaminated him from [eating] his terumah, he may give him to eat, to drink and to anoint himself. If he was an old man, he may give him a donkey upon which to ride. And he may give him his pay like a laborer.

[If] one is suspected of bechor [violations], we may not purchase from him either venison, or untanned hides. R’ Eliezer says: We may purchase from him hides of females. We may [also] not purchase from him wool that is bleached of its dirt, but we may purchase from him thread and garments.

If one is suspected of Sabbatical year [violations], we may not purchase from him flax, even combed, but we may purchase from him thread or braided ropes.

[If] one is suspected of selling terumah as ordinary produce, we may not purchase from him even water or salt; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. R’ Shimon says: Whatever has a connection to terumah and maaser we may not purchase from him.

[One] who is suspected of Sabbatical year [violations] is not suspected of [transgressing the laws of] maaser; one who is suspected of maaser [violations] is not suspected of Sabbatical year [violations]. One who is suspected of both these [violations] is suspected of [transgressing the laws of] tahorah. But in some cases, one who is suspected of tahorah [violations] is not suspected of [violating] this one or of that one. This is the rule: Whoever is suspected of something may neither judge nor testify concerning it.

All disqualified offerings may be sold in the market, slaughtered in the market, and be weighed by the litra, with the exception of the bechor and the maaser offering, because their advantage falls to the owners. [With] disqualified offerings, [however,] their advantage falls to the holy estate. And a portion may be weighed against a portion in the case of the bechor.

Beis Shammai say: A Yisrael may not be invited [to join] with a Kohen in a bechor. Beis Hillel [however] permit [it], and even a non-Jew.  [If] a bechor suffers from a congestion of blood, even if it will die it may not be bled; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. The Sages [however] say: He may let [its] blood, provided he does not inflict a blemish upon it; and if he did inflict a blemish upon it, it may not be slaughtered on its account. R’ Shimon says: He may bleed it even though he inflicts a blemish upon it.

[If] one slits the ear of a bechor, it may never be slaughtered; [these are] the words of R’ Eliezer. The Sages [however,] say: When it develops another blemish, he may slaughter it on its account. It happened with an old ram with dangling hair [that] a questor spotted it. He said, “What is the reason for this?” They said to him, “It is a bechor, and it may not be slaughtered unless it has a blemish”; [whereupon] he took a dagger and slit its ear. The matter came before the Sages, and they permitted it. [When] he saw that they had permitted [it], he went and split the ears of other bechoros, and they prohibited [it]. Once children were playing in the field, and they tied the tail of lambs one to another. The tail of one of them was torn off, and it was found to be a bechor. The matter came before the Sages, and they permitted it. [When] they saw that they had permitted [it], they went and tied together the tails of other bechoros, and they prohibited [it]. This is a rule: Whatever is [done] with knowledge is prohibited, and without knowledge is permissible.