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Middot 3:1
Middos3: 1
הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הָיָה שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם עַל שְׁלֹשִׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם. עָלָה אַמָּה וְכָנַס אַמָּה, זֶה הַיְסוֹד. נִמְצָא שְׁלֹשִׁים עַל שְׁלֹשִׁים. עָלָה חָמֵשׁ וְכָנַס אַמָּה, זֶה הַסּוֹבֵב. נִמְצָא עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה עַל עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה. מְקוֹם הַקְּרָנוֹת אַמָּה מִזֶּה וְאַמָּה מִזֶּה. נִמְצָא עֶשְׂרִים וְשֵׁשׁ עַל עֶשְׂרִים וְשֵׁשׁ. מְקוֹם הִלּוּךְ רַגְלֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים אַמָּה מִזֶּה וְאַמָּה מִזֶּה. נִמְצָא עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע עַל עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע; מְקוֹם מַעֲרָכָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: מִתְּחִלָּה לֹא הָיָה אֶלָּא שְׁמוֹנֶה וְעֶשְׂרִים עַל שְׁמוֹנֶה וְעֶשְׂרִים; כּוֹנֵס וְעוֹלֶה בְמִדָּה זוֹ, עַד שֶׁנִּמְצָא מְקוֹם הַמַּעֲרָכָה עֶשְׂרִים עַל עֶשְׂרִים. וּכְשֶׁעָלוּ בְנֵי הַגּוֹלָה, הוֹסִיפוּ עָלָיו אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מִן הַדָּרוֹם וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מִן הַמַּעֲרָב כְּמִין גַּמָּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ”וְהָאֲרִיאֵל שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אֹרֶךְ בִּשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה רֹחַב רָבוּעַ”. יָכוֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה עַל שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה. כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר: ”אֶל אַרְבַּעַת רְבָעָיו”, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמִּן הָאֶמְצַע הוּא מוֹדֵד שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ. וְחוּט שֶׁל סִקְרָא חוֹגְרוֹ בָאֶמְצַע, לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַדָּמִים הָעֶלְיוֹנִים לַדָּמִים הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים. וְהַיְסוֹד הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ עַל פְּנֵי כָל הַצָּפוֹן וְעַל פְּנֵי כָל הַמַּעֲרָב, וְאוֹכֵל בַּדָּרוֹם אַמָּה אַחַת וּבַמִּזְרָח אַמָּה אַחַת.
The Altar was thirty-two [amos] by thirty-two [amos]. [It] ascended one amah and went inward one amah; this [tier] was the base. It is found [to be] thirty by thirty [amos]. [It] ascended five [amos] and went inward one amah; this [tier] was the ledge. It is found [to be] twenty-eight by twenty-eight [amos]. The space for the horns [measured] an amah on this [side] and an amah on this [side]. It is found [to be] twenty-six by twenty-six [amos]. The space where the feet of the Kohanim walked [measured] an amah on this [side] and an amah on this [side]. It is found [to be] twenty-four by twenty-four [amos]; [this is] the space for the pyre. R’ Yose said: Originally [the Altar] was only twenty-eight by twenty-eight [amos]; it narrowed and ascended in this same manner until it is found [that] the space for the pyre [measured only] twenty by twenty [amos].
But when the exiles ascended, they added to [the Altar] four amos on the south and four amos on the west in the shape of a gamma, as it is stated (Ezekiel 43:16): “And the hearth area is twelve [amos] long by twelve wide, square.” It might be [thought] that [the space for the pyre] was only twelve by twelve [amos]. When [the verse] states ”for its four quadrants,” it teaches that it is from the centerpoint [of the Altar] that [the verse] is measuring twelve amos in each direction. And a line of red encircled [the Altar] at the halfway point [of its height], to separate between the upper bloods and the lower bloods. And the base traversed the entire north side and the entire west side [of the Altar], and consumes one amah in the south and one amah in the east.
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