A bird chatas is offered below [the Altar’s Red Line], and an animal chatas [is offered] above [the Red Line]. A bird olah is offered above [the Red Line], and an animal olah [is offered] below [the Red Line]. If he deviated in this [case] or in that [case], [the offering is] invalid.  The order of pairs [of bird-offerings] is as follows: [In] the [pairs brought for an] obligation, one [bird] is a chatas and one [bird] is an olah; in [pairs brought for] vowed-offerings and donated-offerings, they are all olos.  What is a vowed-offering? One who says: “It is hereby incumbent upon me [to bring] an olah-offering.”And what is a donated-offering? One who says: “This [bird] is [hereby sanctified as] an olah-offering.”  What is [the difference] between vowed-offerings and donated-offerings? Only that regarding the vowed-offerings, [if] they died or were stolen, he is responsible for [replacing] them, and [regarding donated-offerings, [if] they died or were stolen, he is not responsible for replacing them.

A chatas [bird] which mingled with a [number of] olah [birds] or an olah [bird which mingled] with a [number of] chatas [birds], even if one [such bird-offering mingled] with ten thousand [bird-offerings of the other type], they must all be left to die.  A chatas bird which mingled with an obligatory pair [of bird-offerings], there are none valid other than the number of chatas birds in the obligatory pair.  And likewise, an olah bird which mingled with an obligatory pair [of bird-offerings], there are none valid other than the number of olah-birds in the obligatory pair.  [These rules apply] whether the obligatory [bird-offerings] are more numerous and the voluntary [bird-offerings] are less numerous, [or] whether the voluntary [bird-offerings] are more numerous and the obligatory [bird offerings] are less numerous, [or] whether they are both equal [in number].