Temurah Perek 3
Temurah3: 1
אֵלּוּ קָדָשִׁים שֶׁוַּלְדוֹתֵיהֶן וּתְמוּרוֹתֵיהֶן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן: וְלַד שְׁלָמִים, וּתְמוּרָתָן, וּוְלָדָן וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כַּשְּׁלָמִים, וּטְעוּנִים סְמִיכָה וּנְסָכִים וּתְנוּפָה וְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: וְלַד שְׁלָמִים לֹא יִקְרַב שְׁלָמִים; וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יִקְרַב. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ עַל וְלַד וְלַד שְׁלָמִים וְעַל וְלַד וְלַד תְּמוּרָה, שֶׁלֹּא יִקְרַב. וְעַל מַה נֶּחְלְקוּ? עַל הַוָּלָד, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: לֹא יִקְרַב, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יִקְרַב. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי פַּפְּיָס עַל וְלַד שְׁלָמִים שֶׁיִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. אָמַר רַבִּי פַּפְּיָס: אֲנִי מֵעִיד, שֶׁהָיְתָה לָנוּ פָרָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים וַאֲכַלְנוּהָ בַפֶּסַח, וְאָכַלְנוּ וְלָדָהּ שְׁלָמִים בֶּחָג.
These are the kodashim whose offspring and temurah exchanges are similar to [the original kodashim] themselves: [Concerning] the offspring of a shelamim and the temurah of the [shelamim]; their offspring and the offspring of their offspring ad infinitum, these are all deemed shelamim. [Thus,] they require leaning, libations, and the waving of the breast and thigh. R’ Eliezer says: The offspring of a shelamim may not be offered as a shelamim; but the Sages say: It may be offered. R’ Shimon said: [R’ Eliezer and the Sages] did not disagree concerning the offspring of the offspring of a shelamim, or concerning the offspring of the offspring of a temurah, that it may not be offered. Concerning what did they disagree? Concerning the offspring [itself]. R’ Eliezer says: It may not be offered. Whereas the Sages say: It may be offered. R’ Yehoshua and R’ Papyas testified con- cerning the offspring of a shelamim that it is offered as a shelamim. R’ Papyas said: I testify that we had a cow that was a shelamim-sacrifice and we ate it on Pesach, and we ate its offspring as a shelamim on the festival.
Temurah3: 2
וְלַד תּוֹדָה וּתְמוּרָתָהּ, וְלָדָן וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כַּתּוֹדָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁאֵינָן טְעוּנִים לָחֶם.
תְּמוּרַת עוֹלָה, וּוְלַד תְּמוּרָה, וְלָדָן וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כָּעוֹלָה, וּטְעוּנִין הֶפְשֵׁט וְנִתּוּחַ וְכָלִיל לָאִשִּׁים.
[Concerning] the offspring of a todah and [the todah’s] temurah; the offspring [of the todah and its temurah] and the offspring of their offspring: these are [all treated] like the todah [itself], except that they do not require bread. The temurah of an olah, the offspring of the temurah [of an olah]; [i.e., the temurah’s] offspring, and the offspring of its offspring, ad infinitum, these are [all treated] like the olah [itself]. [Thus,] they require skinning and dis- membering, and [are consigned] in their entirety to the fires.
Temurah3: 3
הַמַּפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָה וְיָלְדָה זָכָר — יִרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב, וְיִמָּכֵר וְיָבִיא בְדָמָיו עוֹלָה. רַבִּי (אליעזר) [אֶלְעָזָר] אוֹמֵר: הוּא עַצְמוֹ יִקְרַב עוֹלָה.
הַמַּפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם — תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁתִּסְתָּאֵב, וְתִמָּכֵר וְיָבִיא בְדָמֶיהָ אָשָׁם. אִם קָרַב אֲשָׁמוֹ — יִפְּלוּ דָמֶיהָ לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: תִּמָּכֵר שֶׁלֹּא בְמוּם.
תְּמוּרַת אָשָׁם, וְלַד תְּמוּרָתָהּ וּוְלָדָן וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם — יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ וְיִפְּלוּ דְמֵיהֶן לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בִדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת.
אָשָׁם שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְעָלָיו, וְשֶׁכִּפְּרוּ בְעָלָיו — יִרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב, וְיִמָּכֵר וְיִפְּלוּ דָמָיו לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בִדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת.
If one designates a female [animal] as an olah, and she gave birth to a male, [the offspring] is left to graze until it develops a blemish, and should [then] be sold and [the owner] should bring an olah with the proceeds. R’ Elazar says: [The offspring] itself is offered as an olah. If one designates a female [animal] as an asham, it should [be sent to] graze until it be- comes blemished, then it should be sold and [its owner] should bring an asham with its proceeds. And if [the owner’s] asham was [already] brought, its proceeds should fall to [the Temple chests for] voluntary offerings. R’ Shimon says: It should be sold [even] without a blemish. [Concerning] the temurah of an asham and the offspring of its temurah: [i.e., the temurah’s own] offspring, the offspring of her off- spring ad infinitum, they should [be sent to] graze until they become blemished, then they should be sold, and their proceeds should fall [to the Temple chests] for voluntary offerings. But R’ Eliezer says: They should be left to die. And R’ Elazar says: [The owner] should bring olah-offerings with their proceeds. An asham whose owner died and one whose owner received atonement should be sent to graze until they become blemished, then they should be sold, and their proceeds should fall to [the Temple chests for] voluntary offerings. But R’ Eliezer says: They should be left to die. And R’ Elazar says: [The owner] should bring an olah-offering with their proceeds.
Temurah3: 4
וַהֲלֹא אַף הַנְּדָבָה עוֹלָה הִיא, מַה בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים? אֶלָּא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בָאָה חוֹבָה — הוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וּמֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ נְסָכִין, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה כֹהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בָאָה נְדָבָה — אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ נְסָכִין, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁל צִבּוּר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא כֹהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ שֶׁל אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר.
But is not the voluntary [communal] offering also an olah, so what is the difference between the words of R’ Elazar and the words of the Sages? Rather, when [an animal] comes as an obligatory offering, [the owner] must lean on it and bring wine libations, and its libations are bought from his [funds]. And if [the owner] was a Kohen, the [right to perform] its service and its hide belong to him. But when it is a voluntary [communal] offering, [the owner] does not lean on it and does not bring libations for it; but [rather] and its libations are bought from communal funds. [And] even if [the owner] is a Kohen, [the right to perform] its service and its hide belong to the members of the mishmar.
Temurah3: 5
תְּמוּרַת הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וּוְלָדָן וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כַּבְּכוֹר וְכַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וְיֵאָכְלוּ בְמוּמָם לַבְּעָלִים.
מַה בֵּין הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר לְבֵין כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים? שֶׁכָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים נִמְכָּרִים בָּאִטְלִיס, וְנִשְׁחָטִין בָּאִטְלִיס, וְנִשְׁקָלִין בְּלִיטְרָא — חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר; וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן, וְלִתְמוּרוֹתֵיהֶן פִּדְיוֹן — חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר; וּבָאִים מֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ [לָאָרֶץ] — חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. אִם בָּאוּ תְמִימִים — יִקְרָבוּ. וְאִם בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין — יֵאָכְלוּ בְמוּמָן לַבְעָלִים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: מַה הַטַּעַם? שֶׁהַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר — יֵשׁ לָהֶם פַּרְנָסָה בִמְקוֹמָן; וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנּוֹלַד [בָּהֶם] מוּם — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בִקְדֻשָּׁתָן.
[Concerning] the temurah of the firstborn [ani-mal] and the [animal] tithe, their offspring and the offspring of their offspring ad infinitum: all these are like the original firstborn- and tithe-offerings, but they are eaten by the owners when they become blemished. What [is the difference] between a firstborn or tithe animal and all the other offerings? That all of- ferings may be sold in the market and slaughtered in the market, and may be weighed against a litra weight, with the exception of the firstborn and tithe [animals]; and [all offerings] are subject to redemption, and their temuros likewise are subject to redemption, with the exception of the firstborn and tithe animals; and [all sacrificial offerings] are brought from outside the Land [of Israel], with the exception of a bechor or maaser animal, However, if [bechor or maaser animals] were brought: if they are unblemished, they are offered; if they are blemished, they are eaten in their blemished state by the owners. R’ Shimon says: What is the reason [for this difference]? It is that bechor and maaser animals have a remedy in their [present] place, but [in the case of] all other offerings, even if they develop a blemish, they remain in their consecrated state.
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