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Arachin 7:5-8:1
Erchin7: 5
הַלּוֹקֵחַ שָׂדֶה מֵאָבִיו — מֵת אָבִיו וְאַחַר־ כָּךְ הִקְדִּישָׁהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כִשְׂדֵה
אֲחֻזָּה; הִקְדִּישָׁהּ, וְאַחַר־כָּךְ מֵת אָבִיו, הֲרֵי הִיא כִּשְׂדֵה מִקְנָה; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: כִּשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,וְאִם אֶת־שְׂדֵה מִקְנָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִשְּׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּתוֹ“ — שָׂדֶה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לִהְיוֹת שְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה. יוֹצֵאת זוֹ שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לִהְיוֹת שְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה.
שְׂדֵה מִקְנָה אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה לַכֹּהֲנִים בַּיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ.
כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם מַקְדִּישִׁים לְעוֹלָם וְגוֹאֲלִין לְעוֹלָם, בֵּין לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל, בֵּין לְאַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל.
[If] one buys a field from his father — [if] his father died and he then consecrated it, it is like
an ancestral field; [if] he consecrated it, and then his father died, it is like an acquired field; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah and R’ Shimon, however, say: [It is] like an ancestral field; as it says (Lev. 27:22): But if it is the field of his acquisition, which is not of the fields of his ancestral holding — [it must be] a field that does not stand to become the field of [his] ancestral holding. That excludes this [field], which stands to become the field of [his] ancestral holding.
An acquired field does not go out to the Kohanim at Yovel, because a person cannot consecrate something that is not his.
Kohanim and Leviim may always consecrate and may always redeem, both before Yovel and after Yovel.
Erchin8: 1
הַמַּקְדִישׁ אֶת־שָׂדֵהוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹבֵל, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ: ,,פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן;“ שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים חֹמֶשׁ, וְכָל־אָדָם אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן חֹמֶשׁ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁהִקְדִּישׁ אֶת־שָׂדֵהוּ מִפְּנֵי רָעָתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: ,,פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן,“ אָמַר: ,,הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְּאִסָּר.“ אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: לֹא אָמַר זֶה אֶלָּא ,,בִּכְבֵיצָה;“ שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כֶסֶף. אָמַר לוֹ: ,,הִגִּיעָתְךָ!“ נִמְצָא מַפְסִיד אִסָּר, וְשָׂדֵהוּ לְפָנָיו.
One who consecrates his field at a time when the Yovel is not in force, they say to him, ‘You bid first;’ for the owner gives a fifth, whereas any other person does not give a fifth. [There was] a story of a person who consecrated his field because of its poor quality. They said to him: ‘You bid first,’ [and] he said, ‘It is mine for an issar.’ R’ Yose said: This one said nothing other than, ‘for an egg;’ for consecrated property may be redeemed with money or with something worth money. He said to him, ‘It is yours!’ Thus, he was found to have lost an issar, and his field was still his.
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