[If] one was sentenced and fled, and then came before that very same court, they do not overturn his sentence. Wherever two stand up and declare, “We testify concerning so-and-so that he was sentenced in so-and-so's court, and so-and-so and so-and-so were his witnesses,” he is executed. A sanhedrin functions both in the Holy Land and outside the Holy Land. A sanhedrin that executes once in a septenary is called a destroyer. R' Elazar ben Azariah says: Once in seventy years. R' Tarfon and R' Akiva say: Had we been on a san-hedrin, a person would never have been executed. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: They too would have increased [the number of] murderers in Israel.

These are the ones who are exiled: One who kills a person inadvertently. [If] he was pushing out with a roller, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was letting down a cask, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was descending a ladder, and he fell upon him and killed him —- he is exiled. But if he was drawing back the roller, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was hoisting up the cask and the rope broke, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was ascending the ladder, and he fell upon him and killed him —- he is not exiled. This is the rule: For [any death which occurs] in the course of descent, he is exiled; but for [one which occurs] not in the course of descent, he is not exiled.  Should the iron fly off its handle and kill —- Rabbi says: He is not exiled; but the Sages say: He is exiled. From the tree that is being chopped —- Rabbi says: He is exiled; but the Sages say: He is not exiled.