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Makkot 2:1
Makos2: 1
אֵלּוּ הֵן הַגּוֹלִין: הַהוֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָה. הָיָה מְעַגֵּל בְּמַעְגִּילָה, וְנָפְלָה עָלָיו וַהֲרָגַתּוּ; הָיָה מְשַׁלְשֵׁל בְּחָבִית, וְנָפְלָה עָלָיו וַהֲרָגַתּוּ; הָיָה יוֹרֵד בְּסֻלָּם, וְנָפַל עָלָיו וַהֲרָגוֹ — הֲרֵי זֶה גּוֹלֶה. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה מוֹשֵׁךְ בַּמַּעְגִּילָה, וְנָפְלָה עָלָיו וַהֲרָגַתּוּ; הָיָה דוֹלֶה בֶחָבִית וְנִפְסַק הַחֶבֶל, וְנָפְלָה עָלָיו וַהֲרָגַתּוּ; הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַסֻּלָּם, וְנָפַל עָלָיו וַהֲרָגוֹ — הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה. זֶה הַכְּלָל: כָּל שֶׁבְּדֶרֶךְ יְרִידָתוֹ, גּוֹלֶה; וְשֶׁלֹּא בְדֶרֶךְ יְרִידָתוֹ — אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה.
נִשְׁמַט הַבַּרְזֶל מִקַּתּוֹ וְהָרַג — רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה; וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: גּוֹלֶה. מִן הָעֵץ הַמִּתְבַּקֵּעַ — רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: גּוֹלֶה; וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה.
These are the ones who are exiled: One who kills a person inadvertently. [If] he was pushing out with a roller, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was letting down a cask, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was descending a ladder, and he fell upon him and killed him —- he is exiled. But if he was drawing back the roller, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was hoisting up the cask and the rope broke, and it fell upon him and killed him; [or if] he was ascending the ladder, and he fell upon him and killed him —- he is not exiled. This is the rule: For [any death which occurs] in the course of descent, he is exiled; but for [one which occurs] not in the course of descent, he is not exiled. Should the iron fly off its handle and kill —- Rabbi says: He is not exiled; but the Sages say: He is exiled. From the tree that is being chopped —- Rabbi says: He is exiled; but the Sages say: He is not exiled.
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