Sanhedrin1: 1
דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת בִּשְׁלשָׁה; גְּזֵלוֹת וַחֲבָלוֹת בִּשְׁלשָׁה; נֶזֶק וַחֲצִי נֶזֶק, תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל, וְתַשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה, בִּשְׁלשָׁה; הָאוֹנֵס, וְהַמְפַתֶּה, וְהַמּוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע בִּשְׁלשָׁה; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלשָׁה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ דִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת.
Monetary cases [are judged] by three; [cases of] theft and bodily injury [are judged] by three; [claims for] full damages and half damages, twofold compensation, and fourfold or fivefold compensation, [are judged] by three; [claims against] a rapist, a seducer, and a defamer [are judged] by three; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. However, the Sages say: [Claims against] a defamer are [judged] by twenty-three, because they involve a capital charge.