[Cases of] lashes [are judged] by three. In the name of R’ Yishmael they said: By twenty-three. The intercalating of the month is by three; the intercalating of the year is by three; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is begun with three, discussed by five, and concluded by seven. If they concluded with three it is valid.

The semichah of the elders and the decapitation of the calf are by three; [these are] the words of R’ Shimon. R’ Yehudah, however, says: By five. Chalitzah and refusal are before three. The fourth-year fruit and the maaser sheni whose value is unknown are [judged] by three. [Redemption] of articles of hekdesh is [judged] by three. Assessments of movable objects is by three. R’ Yehudah says: One of them [must be] a Kohen. That of real property is by nine and a Kohen, and likewise for a human being.