There are some [items] that require hechsher but do not require thought, [others that require] thought and hechsher, [others that require] thought but not hechsher, [and others,] neither hechsher nor thought. All foods that are normally used for [consumption by] humans require hechsher but do not require thought.

One cuts off [flesh] from a person or from a domesticated animal or from a wild animal or from fowl, from the carcass of a non-kosher bird, and cheilev, in the villages, and all other field greens with the exception of shmarke’im and mushrooms. R’ Yehudah says: With the exception of field leek, purslane, and parsley. R’ Shimon says: With the exception of cardoons. R’ Yose says: With the exception of kelusin. These require thought and hechsher.

The carcass of a non-kosher animal anywhere, and the carcass of a kosher bird in villages, require thought but do not require hechsher. The carcass of a kosher animal anywhere, and the carcass of a kosher bird and cheilev in the marketplaces, require neither thought nor hechsher. R’ Shimon says: Also a camel, hare, hyrax, and pig.

Dill, once it has imparted its flavor to a pot [of food], is no longer subject to [the laws of] terumah, and it does not contract tumas ochalin. Branch shoots, and those of adal, and the leaves of the wild luf do not contract tumas ochalin until they are sweetened. R’ Shimon says: Also [the shoots] of pakuos are like them.

Costus, ginger, fragrant herbs, tiah, asafoetida, pepper, and safflower loaves, may be purchased with money of maaser [sheni], but they do not contract tumas ochalin, [these are] the words of R’ Akiva. R’ Yochanan ben Nuri said to him: If they may be purchased with maaser [sheni] money, why do they not contract tumas ochalin? And if they do not contract tumas ochalin, they should also not be purchased with maaser [sheni] money!

[Regarding] undeveloped fruit and unripe fruit, R’ Akiva rules [them susceptible to becoming] tamei with tumas ochalin. R’ Yochanan ben Nuri says: [They are susceptible only] when they reach the tithing stage. [Regarding] hardened olives and grapes, Beis Shammai rule [them susceptible to becoming] tamei, but Beis Hillel rule them tahor. [Regarding] fennel, Beis Shammai rule [it] tahor, but Beis Hillel rule [it susceptible to becoming] tamei. And so too regarding tithes.

Heart of palm is like wood for all matters, except that it may be purchased with maaser [sheni] money. Immature dates are food, but are exempt from tithes.

From when do fish contract tumas [ochalin]? Beis Shammai say: From when they are caught. But Beis Hillel say: From when they die. R’ Akiva says: If they are able to live. [Regarding] a branch of a fig tree that was torn off but is still attached by [its] peel, R’ Yehudah rules it tahor. But the Sages say: [Only] if it can live. Grain that was uprooted but is attached by even a small root is tahor.

Cheilev of a kosher animal is not tamei with tu-mah of neveilah; therefore it requires hechsher. Cheilev of a non-kosher-species animal is tamei with the tumah of neveilah; therefore it does not require hechsher. Non-kosher fish and non-kosher grasshoppers require thought in villages.

[Regarding] a beehive, R’ Eliezer says: It is like land, and we may write a prozbul based on it, and it is not susceptible to tumah in its place, and one who detaches [honey] from it on the Sabbath is liable to a sin-offering. But the Sages say: It is not like land, and we may not write a prozbul based on it, and it is susceptible to tumah in its place, and one who removes [honey] from it on the Sabbath is not liable [to a sin-offering].

From when do honeycombs contract tumah as a liquid? Beis Shammai say: From when he heats [the honeycombs]. Beis Hillel say: From when he crushes [the honey- combs].

R’ Yehoshua ben Levi said: The time will come when the Holy One, Blessed is He, will endow each and every righteous person with three hundred and ten worlds, as it is stated: ‘‘To endow with ‘substance’ those that love Me, and I shall fill their treasuries.’’ R’ Shimon ben Chalafta said: The Holy One, Blessed is He, found no vessel to hold blessing for Israel other than peace, as it is stated: ‘‘Hashem gives strength to His nation, Hashem blesses His nation with peace.’’