A reviis of water [is the minimum amount] for washing hands for one [person] and even for two [people]. A half-log [is the amount] for three or four [people]. From a log [and more] is [the amount] for five, for ten, or [even] for one hundred [people]. R’ Yose says: Provided that there is no less than a reviis for the last of them. One may add to the second [waters], but one may not add to the first [waters].

One may pour onto the hands from all [types of] vessels, even from dung vessels, from stone vessels, [or] from mud vessels. [But] one may not pour onto the hands from the walls of vessels, nor from the bottom of an earthenware bucket, nor from the cover of a barrel. Nor may one pour onto [the hands of] his friend from his [own] cupped hands, because we may not draw [water for mei chatas], nor may we consecrate [mei chatas], nor may we sprinkle mei chatas, nor may we pour onto the hands except with a vessel. And nothing with a sealed cover can protect [its contents from tumah] except vessels, and nothing can protect [foodstuff from contracting tumah] from an earthenware vessel, except vessels.

[Regarding] water that became unfit for an animal to drink, [if it is] in vessels, it is invalid. But [if it is] in the ground, it is valid. [If] ink, gum, or copperas fell into [the water] and its color changed, it is invalid. If one used [the water] for [any manner of] work or [if] he soaked in it his bread, it is invalid. Shimon the Timnite says: If he intended to soak it in this [water] and it fell into a different [water], it is valid.

[Regarding] a tahor [person] who was chewing some food and it fell upon his clothing and upon a loaf of terumah, [the loaf] is tahor. [If] he was eating crushed olives or moist dates, [or] any [fruit] whose pit he desired to suck, and it fell upon his clothing and upon a loaf of terumah, [the loaf] is tamei. [If] he was eating dried olives or dried dates, [or] any [fruit] whose pit he did not desire to suck, and it fell upon his clothing and upon a loaf of terumah, [the loaf] is tahor. Both a tahor person and a tevul yom [share] these [laws]. R’ Meir says: Both these and those are tamei in [the case of] a tevul yom, for the beverages of a tamei [person] effect hechsher [both] when he is desirous [of them] and when he is not desirous [of them]. But the Sages say: A tevul yom is not [considered] a tamei [person].

[Regarding] produce of maaser that was rendered susceptible [to tumah] by a beverage, and it was touched by a tevul yom or by unclean hands, we separate terumas maaser from it in taharah, because [the maaser rishon] is a shlishi, and a shlishi is tahor in the case of chullin.

A woman who is a tevul yom may knead a dough, and she separates challah and sets it aside and places it on an Egyptian tray or on a plank, and she brings [the tray or plank] close and orally designates [the piece of dough as challah], because [the dough] is a shlishi, and a shlishi is tahor in the case of chullin.

[Regarding] a kneading bowl that is a tevul yom, we may knead a dough in it and separate challah from it, and she brings [the piece] close and orally designates it [as challah], because [the dough] is a shlishi, and a shlishi is tahor in the case of chullin.

[Regarding] a pitcher that is a tevul yom that one filled from a barrel of maaser [that is] tevel, if he said: ‘‘This [wine] shall be terumas maaser after dark,’’ it is terumas maaser. If he said: ‘‘This [wine] shall be an eruv,’’ he has not said anything. [If] the barrel breaks, the [wine in the] pitcher remains tevel. [If] the pitcher breaks, the [wine in the] barrel remains tevel.

Originally [the Rabbis] said: We may deconsecrate onto the produce of an am haaretz. [The Rabbis] later said: Even onto his coins. Originally [the Rabbis] said: [If] one is going out in chains and he said, ‘‘Write a get for my wife,’’ they should write [the get] and give [it]. [The Rabbis] later said: Even one who sets out [to sea] and one who leaves in a caravan. R’ Shimon Shezuri says: Even a dangerously ill man.

Ashkelonian grapnels that broke, but their hook remains intact, are tamei. The pitchfork, the winnowing fork, the rake, and similarly a head comb, that had one of their prongs removed and one replaced them with [a prong] of metal, they are tamei. Concerning all of these R’ Yehoshua said: The Scribes have introduced a novel principle and I cannot answer it.

One who is separating terumah from a pit, and he said, ‘‘This is terumah on condition that it comes up without mishap,’’ [he means] without the mishap of breaking or spilling, but not [the mishap] of tumah. R’ Shimon says: [He means] even [the mishap] of tumah. [If] it breaks, it does not create meduma. Until where can it break and not create meduma? As long as it can roll and [still] reach the pit. R’ Yose says: Even one who intended to stipulate but did not stipulate, [if] it breaks it does not create meduma, since this is a stipulation of the court.