[If] one gathered portions of challah with the intention of separating [them later], and they clung together, Beis Shammai say: [It is considered] a connection in regard to a tevul yom. But Beis Hillel say: [It is] not [considered] a connection. Slices of dough that cling to one another, or loaves that cling to one another, [if] one baked a flat cake on top of [another] flat cake [and they became stuck together] before they have formed a crust in the oven, froth of water that is hollow the first froth of split beans [porridge], and the froth of new wine, R’ Yehudah says: The same applies to [froth] of rice. Beis Shammai say: [It is considered a] connection for a tevul yom. Beis Hillel say: [It is] not [considered] a connection. However, [Beis Hillel] agree in [the case of] all other sources of tumah, whether light or severe.

[If] one gathered challah portions with the intention of not separating them, [if] one baked a flat cake on top of [another] flat cake [and they became stuck together] after they have formed a crust in the oven, froth of water that is not hollow, the second froth of split beans [porridge], the froth of old wine, and [froth] of oil always, and [froth] of lentils [porridge], R’ Yehudah says: The same applies to [froth] of grasspea [porridge]; they are tamei in regard to a tevul yom, and, it is needless to say, in regard to all other [sources of] tumah.

A nail-shaped [protrusion] on the back of the loaf, a small clump of salt, or a burnt crust that is less than a fingerbreadth — R’ Yose says: Whatever is eaten [together] with [the loaf], are tamei in regard to a tevul yom, and, it is needless to say, in regard to all other [sources of] tumah.

A pebble in the loaf, a large clump of salt, or a lupine, or a burnt crust that is greater than a fingerbreadth — R’ Yose says: Whatever is not eaten together with it is tahor in regard to an av hatumah, and, it is needless to say, in regard to a tevul yom.

Barley and spelt that are not peeled, tiah, asa- foetida, and alum — R’ Yehudah says: even black beans — are tahor in regard to an av hatumah and, it is needless to say, in regard to a tevul yom. [These are] the words of R’ Meir. But the Sages say: They are tahor in regard to a tevul yom, but are tamei in regard to all [other] sources of tumah. Barley and spelt that are peeled, and wheat, whether it was peeled or not peeled, ketzach, sesame, and pepper — R’ Yehudah says: even white beans — are tamei in regard to a tevul yom, and, it is needless to say, in regard to all [other] sources of tumah.

One who touches a zav, a zavah, a niddah, a woman who has given birth, a metzora, or a [midras-contaminated] couch or seat —- contaminates two and invalidates one. [Once he] separates, he contaminates one and invalidates one. [This ruling applies] equally [to] one who touches, one who moves, one who carries, and one who is carried.

One who touches the zav-fluid of a zav, or his saliva, or his semen, or his urine or [one who touches] the [menstrual] blood of a niddah —- contaminates two and invalidates one. [Once] he separates, he contaminates one and invalidates one. [This ruling applies] equally [to] one who touches and [to] one who moves. R’ Eliezer says: [Providing that] he carries [it].

One who carries the [contaminated] saddle [of a zav], or one who is carried upon it, or one who moves it contaminates two and invalidates one. [Once] he separates, he contaminates one and invalidates one.  One who carries an animal carcass, or purification water of an amount sufficient for sprinkling, contaminates two and invalidates one. [Once] he separates, he contaminates one and invalidates one.

One who eats of the carcass of a kosher bird, and [the flesh] is in his throat, contaminates two and invalidates one. If he in-serted his head into the airspace of an oven, [the oven is] tahor. If he spit it out, or swallowed it, he contaminates one and invalidates one. But while it is in his mouth, before he swallows it, he is tahor.

One who touches a sheretz, or semen, or [one who touches] that which contracted tumah from a corpse, or [one who touches] a metzora during the days of his counting, or purification water of an amount insufficient for sprinkling, or an ani-mal carcass, or the [contaminated] saddle [of a zav] contaminates one and invalidates one.  This is the rule: Any-thing that touches one of the avos hatumah [listed] in the Torah contaminates one and invalidates one, except for a person. Once it sep-arates, [it also] contaminates one and invalidates one.

A man who has discharged semen is like one who has touched a sheretz, and a man who has cohabited with a niddah is like one who has touched a corpse. However, a man who has cohabited with a niddah has a stringency over [one who has touched a corpse], for he contaminates a couch and seat [with a] light form of tumah [enabling them] to contaminate food and beverages.

These invalidate terumah: One who eats food which is a rishon [letumah], and one who eats food which is a sheni [letumah], and one who drinks liquids that are tamei; one whose head and the greater part of his body enter into drawn water, and a tahor person [in the event that] three login of drawn water fall upon his head and the greater part of his body; and a scroll [of Scripture], and [unrinsed] hands, and a tevul yom, and food and utensils that became contaminated by [tamei] liquids.