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Nidah 7:1-9:3
Nidah7: 1
דַּם הַנִּדָּה וּבְשַׂר הַמֵּת — מְטַמְּאִין לַחִין וּמְטַמְּאִין יְבֵשִׁין. אֲבָל הַזּוֹב, וְהַנִּיעַ, וְהָרֹק, וְהַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַנְּבֵלָה, וְהַשִּׁכְבַת זֶרַע — מְטַמְּאִין לַחִין וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִין יְבֵשִׁין. וְאִם יְכוֹלִין לְהִשָּׁרוֹת וְלַחֲזוֹר לִכְמוֹת שֶׁהֵן — מְטַמְּאִין לַחִין וּמְטַמְּאִין יְבֵשִׁין. וְכַמָּה הִיא שְׁרִיָּתָן? בַּפּוֹשְׁרִין מֵעֵת לְעֵת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: בְּשַׂר הַמֵּת יָבֵשׁ, וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִשָּׁרוֹת וְלַחֲזוֹר לִכְמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה — טָהוֹר.
The blood of a niddah and the flesh of a corpse convey tumah [when they are] moist and they convey tumah [when they are] dry. But a zivah emission, the phlegm [of a zav], the saliva [of a zav], a sheretz, an [animal] carcass, and semen convey tu-mah [when they are] moist, but they do not convey tumah [when they are] dry. But if they can be soaked [in water] and re-vert back to the way they were, they convey tumah [when they are] wet and they convey tumah [when they are] dry. And [for] how long [must] they be soaked? In warm water for twenty-four hours. R’ Yose says: [Regarding] dry flesh of a corpse that cannot be soaked and revert back to what it was, [it is] tahor.
Nidah7: 2
הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בַּמָּבוֹי — מְטַמֵּא לְמַפְרֵעַ,
עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר: «בָּדַקְתִּי אֶת הַמָּבוֹי הַזֶּה וְלֹא הָיָה בּוֹ שֶׁרֶץ», אוֹ עַד שְׁעַת הַכִּבּוּד.
וְכֵן כֶּתֶם שֶׁנִּמְצָא בֶּחָלוּק — מְטַמֵּא לְמַפְרֵעַ, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר: «בָּדַקְתִּי אֶת הֶחָלוּק הַזֶּה וְלֹא הָיָה בּוֹ כֶּתֶם», אוֹ עַד שְׁעַת הַכִּבּוּס.
וּמְטַמֵּא בֵּין לַח בֵּין יָבֵשׁ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: הַיָּבֵשׁ מְטַמֵּא לְמַפְרֵעַ, וְהַלַּח אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַחֲזוֹר וְלִהְיוֹת לַח.
[Regarding] a sheretz that was found in an alley, it renders [tohoros] tamei retroactively, until one [can] say, “I checked this alley and there was no sheretz in it,” or until the time the alley was [last] swept. And similarly [with regard to] a bloodstain that was found on a tunic, it conveys tumah retroactively, until [the time about which] one can say, “I checked this tunic and it did not have a bloodstain on it,” or until the time it was [last] laundered. And it conveys tumah whether [it is] wet or dry. R’ Shimon says: One that is dry conveys tumah retroactively, but one that is wet conveys tumah [retroactively] only until the time that it could revert back to being wet.
Nidah7: 3
כָּל הַכְּתָמִין הַבָּאִים מֵרֶקֶם — טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם גֵּרִים וְטוֹעִין.
הַבָּאִין מִבֵּין הַגּוֹיִם — טְהוֹרִין.
מִבֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִבֵּין הַכּוּתִים — רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עַל כִּתְמֵיהֶן.
All bloodstains that come from Rekem are tahor. R’ Yehudah rules them tamei, because [the residents of Rekem] are con-verts who err. [Bloodstains] that come from among non-Jews are tahor. [Bloodstains that come] from among Jews or from among Cutheans, R’ Meir rules them tamei. But the Sages rule them tahor, because [Cutheans] are not suspect regarding their bloodstains.
Nidah7: 4
כָּל הַכְּתָמִים הַנִּמְצָאִים בְּכָל מָקוֹם — טְהוֹרִין, חוּץ מִן הַנִּמְצָאִים בַּחֲדָרִים וּבִסְבִיבוֹת בֵּית הַטֻּמְאוֹת.
בֵּית הַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁל כּוּתִים — מְטַמְּאִין בָּאֹהֶל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם קוֹבְרִין שָׁם אֶת הַנְּפָלִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לֹא הָיוּ קוֹבְרִין, אֶלָּא מַשְׁלִיכִין וְחַיָּה גּוֹרַרְתָּן.
[Regarding] all bloodstains found anywhere, they are tahor, except for those found in rooms and in the vicinity of the cham-bers of tumah. Cuthean chambers of tumah convey tumah by means of ohel, because [the Cutheans] bury their stillborns there. R’ Yehudah says: They did not bury [them]; rather, they cast them [there] and wild animals would drag them away.
Nidah7: 5
נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר: «קָבַרְנוּ שָׁם אֶת הַנְּפָלִים», אוֹ: «לֹא קָבַרְנוּ». נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר עַל הַבְּהֵמָה אִם בִּכְּרָה, אִם לֹא בִּכְּרָה. נֶאֱמָנִים עַל צִיּוּן קְבָרוֹת, וְאֵין נֶאֱמָנִין לֹא עַל הַסְּכָכוֹת, וְלֹא עַל הַפְּרָעוֹת, וְלֹא עַל בֵּית הַפְּרַס. זֶה הַכְּלָל: דָּבָר שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִים בּוֹ — אֵין נֶאֱמָנִים עָלָיו.
They are trusted when they say, “We buried stillborns there,” or, “We did not bury [them there].” They are trusted when they say about an animal if it has [already] given birth to its first offspring, [or] if it has not [yet] given birth to its first off-spring. They are trusted with regard to the marking of graves, but they are not trusted with regard to overhangs, nor with regard to protrusions, nor with regard to a beis hapras. This is the general rule: [Concerning] a matter in which they are sus-pect, they are not trusted about it.
Nidah8: 1
הָרוֹאָה כֶּתֶם עַל בְּשָׂרָהּ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה — טְמֵאָה, וְשֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה — טְהוֹרָה. עַל עֲקֵבָהּ וְעַל רֹאשׁ גֻּדָלָהּ — טְמֵאָה. עַל שׁוֹקָהּ וְעַל פַּרְסוֹתֶיהָ, מִבִּפְנִים — טְמֵאָה; מִבַּחוּץ — טְהוֹרָה. וְעַל הַצְּדָדִין, מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן — טְהוֹרָה.
רָאֲתָה עַל חֲלוּקָהּ, מִן הַחֲגוֹר וּלְמַטָּה — טְמֵאָה; מִן הַחֲגוֹר וּלְמַעְלָה — טְהוֹרָה. רָאֲתָה עַל בֵּית יָד שֶׁל חָלוּק, אִם מַגִּיעַ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה — טְמֵאָה, וְאִם לָאו — טְהוֹרָה.
הָיְתָה פוֹשְׁטַתּוּ וּמִתְכַּסָּה בּוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנִּמְצָא בּוֹ כֶּתֶם — טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא חוֹזֵר. וְכֵן בַּפַּלְיוֹם.
רָאֲתָה עַל חֲלוּקָהּ, מִן הַחֲגוֹר וּלְמַטָּה — טְמֵאָה; מִן הַחֲגוֹר וּלְמַעְלָה — טְהוֹרָה. רָאֲתָה עַל בֵּית יָד שֶׁל חָלוּק, אִם מַגִּיעַ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַתֻּרְפָּה — טְמֵאָה, וְאִם לָאו — טְהוֹרָה.
[If a woman] finds a bloodstain on her flesh opposite the genitals, she is tamei, but [if the stain is] not opposite the genitals, she is tahor. [If the stain is found] on her heel or on the tip of her big toe, she is tamei. [If the stain is found] on her leg or on her feet, on the inside, she is tamei, [but] on the outside, she is tahor. And on the sides, on either side, she is tahor. [If] she found [a stain] on her tunic, from the belt and down she is tamei; from the belt and up she is tahor. [If] she found [a stain] on the sleeve of the tunic [then] if it reaches opposite the genitals she is tamei, but if not, she is tahor. [If] she is used to taking [the tunic] off and covering herself with it at night, no matter where on it a stain is found she is tamei, because [the tunic] moves around. And similarly for a pallium.
Nidah8: 2
וְתוֹלָה בְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהִיא יְכוֹלָה לִתְלוֹת. שָׁחֲטָה בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, נִתְעַסְּקָה בִּכְתָמִים, אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה בְּצַד הָעֲסוּקִים בָּהֶן. הָרְגָה מַאֲכֹלֶת — הֲרֵי זוֹ תּוֹלָה בָּהּ. עַד כַּמָּה הִיא תוֹלָה? רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר: עַד כִּגְרִיס שֶׁל פּוֹל, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הָרְגָה. וְתוֹלָה בִּבְנָהּ אוֹ בְּבַעֲלָהּ. אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ מַכָּה וְהִיא יְכוֹלָה לְהִגָּלַע וּלְהוֹצִיא דָּם — הֲרֵי זוֹ תּוֹלָה בָּהּ.
She may attribute [the stain] to anything to which she is capable of attributing [it]. [If] she slaughtered a domesticated ani-mal, a wild animal, or a bird, [or if] she handled [garments with] stains [on them], or [if] she sat next to those handling [such garments]. [If] she killed a louse, she may attribute [the stain] to it. Up to what size [stain] may she attribute [to a louse]? R’ Chanina ben Antigonus says: Up to [the size of] a split bean, and even if she did not kill [a louse]. And she may attribute [the stain] to her son or to her husband. If she has a wound [covered by a scab] which could peel and bleed, she may attribute [the stain] to [that wound].
Nidah8: 3
מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁבָּאת לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. אָמְרָה לוֹ: »רָאִיתִי כֶּתֶם.» אָמַר לָהּ: «שֶׁמָּא מַכָּה הָיְתָה בִּיךְ?» אָמְרָה לוֹ: «הֵן, וְחָיְתָה.» אָמַר לָהּ: «שֶׁמָּא יְכוֹלָה לְהִגָּלַע וּלְהוֹצִיא דָּם?» אָמְרָה לוֹ: «הֵן.» וְטִהֲרָהּ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רָאָה תַּלְמִידָיו מִסְתַּכְּלִין זֶה בָזֶה. אָמַר לָהֶם: «מָה הַדָּבָר קָשֶׁה בְּעֵינֵיכֶם? שֶׁלֹּא אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים הַדָּבָר לְהַחְמִיר אֶלָּא לְהָקֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ‹וְאִשָּׁה כִּי תִהְיֶה זָבָה דָּם יִהְיֶה זֹבָהּ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ,› דָּם, וְלֹא כֶּתֶם.»
[There was] an incident with a certain woman who came before R’ Akiva. She said to him, “I found a bloodstain.” He said to her, “Perhaps you had a wound?” She said to him, “Yes, but it healed.” He said to her, “Perhaps [the scab] is fit to peel and bring forth blood?” She replied, “Yes,” and R’ Akiva ruled her tahor. He saw his students looking at one another [in amaze-ment]. He said to them, “Why is the matter difficult in your eyes? For the Sages did not enact the [tumah of bloodstains] to be strict, but rather to be lenient, for it states, `When a woman has a discharge, her discharge from her flesh being blood’ —- blood, but not a bloodstain.”
Nidah8: 4
עֵד שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן תַּחַת הַכַּר וְנִמְצָא עָלָיו דָּם, עָגֹל — טָהוֹר, מָשׁוּךְ — טָמֵא; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רַבִּי צָדוֹק.
[Regarding] an examination-cloth that was placed under the pillow and blood was found on it: [If the stain is] round, it is ta-hor, [but] elongated, it is tamei; [these are] the words of R’ Elazar the son of R’ Tzadok.
Nidah9: 1
הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא עוֹשָׂה צְרָכֶיהָ וְרָאֲתָה דָּם, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: אִם עוֹמֶדֶת — טְמֵאָה, וְאִם יוֹשֶׁבֶת — טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְהוֹרָה.
A woman was attending to her needs and saw blood. R’ Meir says: If she was standing, she is tamei, but if she was sitting, she is tahor. R’ Yose says: Either way, she is tahor.
Nidah9: 2
אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁעָשׂוּ צָרְכֵיהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַסֵּפֶל, וְנִמְצָא דָּם עַל הַמַּיִם — רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמֵּא, שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ הָאִישׁ לְהוֹצִיא דָּם, אֶלָּא שֶׁחֶזְקַת דָּמִים מִן הָאִשָּׁה.
A man and a woman attended to their needs, [urinating] into the basin, and blood was found upon the urine. R’ Yose rules [her] tahor, but R’ Shimon rules [her] tamei since it is not normal for a man to discharge blood; rather, the presumption of blood [is that it comes] from the woman.
Nidah9: 3
הִשְׁאִילָה חֲלוּקָהּ לַנָּכְרִית אוֹ לַנִּדָּה — הֲרֵי זוֹ תּוֹלָה בָּהּ.
שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּבְשׁוּ חָלוּק אֶחָד, אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבוּ עַל סַפְסָל אֶחָד, וְנִמְצָא עָלָיו דָּם — כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. יָשְׁבוּ עַל סַפְסָל שֶׁל אֶבֶן, אוֹ עַל הָאִצְטְבָא שֶׁל מֶרְחָץ — רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַהֵר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה — אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל כְּתָמִים.
[If a woman] lent her tunic to a gentile woman or to a niddah, she may attribute [a stain] to [the borrower]. [If] three women wore a single tunic, or sat on a single bench, and blood was found on it, all of them are tamei. [If] they sat on a stone bench or on the seat of a bathhouse, R’ Nechemyah rules [them] tahor, for R’ Nechemyah was wont to say: Anything that is not susceptible to tumah is not susceptible to bloodstains.
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