Ahab’s Well and the Cave of Pameas are valid.  Waters that changed, and their change was on their own account, are valid.  A water canal that comes from afar is valid, provided that he watches that no one interrupts it. R’ Yehudah says: It has a presumption of permissibility.  If a shard or some earth fell into a well, he must wait until it becomes clear. [These are] the words of R’ Yishmael. R’ Akiva says: He need not wait.

[Regarding] a flask into which a minute amount of water fell, R’ Eliezer says: One should sprinkle [the mei chatas in the flask] twice. But the Sages disqualify [the mei chatas].  [If] dew fell into [the flask], R’ Eliezer says: He should leave [the flask] in the sun and the dew will rise [from the flask by itself]. But the Sages disqualify [the mei chatas].  [If] beverages or the juice of fruit fell into [the flask], he should pour out [the contents] and must dry [the flask]; [but if] black ink, gum ara-bic, ferrous sulfate, or anything [else] that leaves a stain [fell into the flask], he should pour out [the contents] but does not need to dry [the flask].

[If] shekatzim or remasim fell into [a flask] and they burst, or the color [of the contents of the flask] changed, [the mei chatas] is invalid. [As for a] chipushis, [it] invalidates [the mei chatas] in any case, because it is like a tube.  R’ Shimon and R’ Eliezer ben Yaakov say: [If] a dirah or a kinah that are [found] in grain [fell into the flask, the mei chatas is] valid, because they do not have moisture in them.

[If] a domesticated animal or a wild animal drank from [mei chatas], it is invalid.  All birds invalidate [mei chatas] ex-cept for a dove, because it sucks.  No sheratzim invalidate [mei chatas] except for a weasel, because it laps. Rabban Gamliel says: A snake also [invalidates mei chatas], because it spits. R’ Eliezer says: A mouse also [invalidates mei chatas].

[If] someone decides to drink mei chatas, R’ Eliezer says: It is disqualified. R’ Yehoshua says: [It becomes disqualified] when he tilts [the barrel].  R’ Yose said: When are these things said? With [regard to] unconsecrated water. But with [regard] to consecrated water, R’ Eliezer says: [It becomes disqualified] when he tilts [the flask]. [And] R’ Yehoshua says: [It becomes disqualified] when he drinks. And if he poured [the water] directly into his throat, [the remaining mei chatas] is valid.

[Regarding] mei chatas that became disqualified, one may not mix it into mortar, so he will not make it a stumbling block to others. R’ Yehudah says: It is nullified.  [Regarding] a cow that drank mei chatas, its flesh is tamei for a period of twen-ty-four hours. R’ Yehudah says: [The mei chatas] is nullified in [the cow’s] intestines.

[Regarding] mei chatas and chatas ashes, one may not transport them across a river and in a boat, nor may he float them on the surface of the water, nor may he stand on one side [of the river] and throw them to the [other] side. But he may cross [the river] with water up to his neck.  One who is tahor for chatas [purposes] may cross [the river] with an empty vessel that is tahor for chatas in his hands, and with unconsecrated water.

[Concerning] valid ashes that became mixed with ashes from a stove, we follow the majority [with regard] to conveying tu-mah, but we may not consecrate [mei chatas] with [the mixture]. R’ Eliezer says: We can consecrate [mei chatas] with all of [the mixture].

[Regarding] mei chatas that became disqualified, it renders tamei someone who is tahor for terumah through [contact with] his hands or his body. But [with respect to] someone who is tahor for chatas, [it renders him tamei] neither through [contact with] his hands nor through [contact with] his body.  [If the mei chatas] became tamei, it renders tamei one who is tahor for terumah through [contact with] his hands or his body. And [with respect to] someone who is tahor for chatas, [it renders him tamei] through [contact with] his hands, but not through [contact with] his body.

[If] one placed valid [parah adumah] ashes in water that is not suitable for consecration, [the water] renders tamei someone who is tahor for terumah, through [contact with] his hands and through [contact with] his body. [But with respect to] some-one who is tahor for chatas, [it renders him tamei] neither through [contact with] his hands nor through [contact with] his body.

Any [utensil] that is susceptible to becoming tamei with [tumas] midras is [considered to have contracted tumas] madaf in regard to [mei] chatas, whether [the utensil is] tamei or tahor. And a person is similar to this.  Any [utensil] that is susceptible to becoming tamei with tumas meis, whether [the utensil is] tamei or tahor, R’ Eliezer says: It is not [considered to have contracted tumas] madaf. R’ Yehoshua says: It is [considered to have contracted tumas] madaf. And the Sages say: A [utensil which is] tamei is [considered to have contracted tumas] madaf, whereas a [utensil which is] tahor is not [considered to have contracted tumas] madaf.

A [person who is] tahor [in regard] to [mei] chatas who touched a madaf is tamei.  A flask of [mei] chatas that touched a madaf is tamei.  A [person who is] tahor [in regard] to [mei] chatas who touched foodstuffs or drinks with his hand is tamei; [if he touched them] with his foot, [he is] tahor. [If he] caused them to move with his hand, R’ Yehoshua declares [him] tamei, and the Sages declare [him] tahor.

A jug of chatas [ash] that touched a sheretz is tahor.  [If] he placed it on top of it, R’ Eliezer declares [it] tahor and the Sages declare [it] tamei.  [If] it touched foodstuffs, drinks, or holy scriptures, it is tahor.  [If] he placed it on top of them, R’ Yose declares [it] tahor and the Sages declare [it] tamei.

A [person who is] tahor [in regard] to [mei] chatas who touched an oven: [If he touched it] with his hand, [he is] tamei. And [if he touched it] with his foot, [he is] tahor.  [If] he was standing on top of an oven and stretched his hand outside [the airspace of] the oven with the flask in it, and [similarly if] a pole is placed on top of the oven and on it are two jugs, one on this side and one on that side, R’ Akiva declares [the contents of the flask and jug] tahor and the Sages declare [the contents of the flask and jug] tamei.

[If] he was standing outside [the airspace of] an oven and he stretched his hands to a window, took the flask, and passed it over the top of the oven, R’ Akiva declares [it] tamei and the Sages declare [it] tahor. But this [person who is] tahor for chatas may stand on top of the oven with an empty utensil that is tahor for chatas in his hand, or [with a utensil filled] with water that is not sanctified.

[If] a flask of [mei] chatas touched [a flask] of sacrificial food or of terumah, the [flask] of [mei] chatas is [rendered] tamei, [whereas] the [flask] of sacrificial food or of terumah is [declared] tahor. [If] both [flasks] are in his two hands, both of them are [rendered] tamei.  [If] both [flasks] are [wrapped] in separate papers, both of them are tahor.  [If] the [flask] of [mei] chatas is [wrapped] in paper and the [flask] of te-rumah is [placed directly] in his hand, both are [rendered] tamei.  [If] the [flask] of terumah is [wrapped] in paper and the [flask] of [mei] chatas is [directly] in his hand, both of them are tahor. R’ Yehoshua says: [The flask] of [mei] chatas is [rendered] tamei.  [If] they were placed on the ground and he touched them, [the flask] of mei chatas is tamei, [whereas the flask] of sacrificial food or of terumah is tahor.  [If] he caused them to move, R’ Yehoshua [declares it] tamei and the Sages [declare it] tahor.