[If] there is a skylight in [the roof of] a house, and a pot is placed beneath [the sky-light] so that if [the pot] were raised its edges would not touch the [roof surrounding the] skylight, and there is tumah below, inside, or above [the pot], the tumah pene-trates upward and downward. [If the pot] is one handbreadth above the ground and there is tumah below it or inside the house, [the area] below [the pot] and [the] inside [of] the house be-come tamei, but whatever is inside or above [the pot] remains tahor. [If the tumah] is inside or above [the pot], everything becomes tamei.

[If a pot] was placed on a threshold in such a way that if raised it would extend over the outer handbreadth of the lintel, and there is tumah below, inside, or above [the pot], the tumah penetrates upward and downward.  [If the pot] is one handbreadth above the ground and there is tumah below it or inside the house, [the area] below [the pot] and [the] inside [of] the house be-come tamei, but whatever is inside or above [the pot] remains tahor. [If the tumah] is inside or above [the pot], everything becomes tamei. [If the pot was placed on the threshold so that] if it were raised it would not touch an outer handbreadth of the lintel, or it is touching the side of the lintel, and there is tumah underneath [the pot], only what is below the pot becomes tamei.

[If the roof of] a house is split, [and] tumah is in the outer part, utensils that are in the inner part remain tahor. [If] tumah is in the inner part, Beis Shammai say: The split must be four handbreadths wide [for the outer part to remain tahor]; [whereas] Beis Hillel say: [It remains tahor even if the split] is very small. R’ Yose says in the name of Beis Hillel: A handbreadth.

[If] a portico is split, [and] tumah is on one side, utensils on the other side remain tahor. [If a person] places his foot or a reed on top [of the split], he [or it] combines the tumah. [If a person] places a reed on the ground, it does not cause tumah to spread unless it is a handbreadth above ground.

A thick garment and a thick beam only spread tumah when they are a handbreadth above the ground. [If two garments] are folded one on top of the other, tumah only spreads when the upper one is at least a handbreadth above the ground. [If] a person is lying there, Beis Shammai say: He does not spread tumah; whereas Beis Hillel say: A person is hollow, and the part [of his body] that is above spreads tumah.

[If someone] was looking down from a window and formed an ohel over corpse bearers, Beis Shammai say: He does not spread tumah, whereas Beis Hillel say: He spreads tumah. They agree that if he is dressed, or two [people] are one on top of the other, they spread tumah.

[If the person] is lying on the threshold while corpse bearers pass over him, Beis Shammai say: He does not spread tumah; whereas Beis Hillel say: He spreads tumah.

[If] the tumah is inside the house while tahor people pass over him, Beis Shammai declare [them] tahor, whereas Beis Hillel declare [them] tamei.

A dog ate corpse flesh and then died, and is [presently] lying across the threshold [of a house] — R’ Meir says: If its neck is a handbreadth wide, tumah spreads [into the house]; and if not, tumah does not spread [into the house]. R’ Yose says: We check the tumah — if it is inside the doorstop, the house becomes tamei; if it is out-side the doorstop, the house remains tahor. R’ Eliezer says: If its mouth is inside, the house remains tahor; if its mouth is outside, the house becomes tamei because the tumah exits through its rear. R’ Yehudah ben Beseira says: In any of these cases, the house becomes tamei. How long can [the corpse flesh] remain inside [and still convey tumah]? Three twenty-four-hour periods. And regarding birds and fish? Long enough to be thrown into a fire and be-come burnt; these are the words of R’ Shimon. R’ Yehudah ben Beseira says: Re-garding birds and fish — for twenty-four hours.

A cistern inside a house contains a candelabrum, whose lamp-stand protrudes up-ward. An olive-pressing basket lies on [the lamp-stand] in such a way that if the can-delabrum were removed, the olive-pressing basket would rest on the cistern. Beis Shammai say: The cistern remains tahor, and the candelabrum becomes tamei; whereas Beis Hillel say: The candelabrum also remains tahor. They both agree that if removing the candelabrum causes the olive-pressing basket to fall, everything becomes tamei.

Utensils that are between the edges of the olivepressing basket and the edges of the cistern, remain tahor. even if they are deep within the ground, If there is tumah inside [the cistern], the house becomes tamei. If there is tu-mah inside the house, utensils that are inside the walls of the cistern remain tahor when they are in an area that has a handbreadth cubed. When they are not, they become tamei. If the walls of the cistern extend farther than the house, in either instance they remain tahor.

A board is placed on top of a new oven and extends a handbreadth on all sides: if there is tumah beneath [the board], utensils above it remain tahor. If there is tumah above [the board], utensils beneath it remain tahor. [However, in the case of] an old oven, the oven becomes tamei. R’ Yochanan ben Nuri rules it tahor. [If the board] is placed on top of two ovens [and] there is tumah between them, they become tamei. R’ Yochanan ben Nuri declares [them] tahor.

A perforated slab is placed on top of an oven whose opening is sealed. If there is tumah beneath or above [the slab], everything becomes tamei; [except for] what is directly above the inside of the oven, which remains tahor. [If there is] tumah above the inside of the oven, [whatever is] directly above [the tumah], until the sky, becomes tamei.

A board is placed on top of an old oven and protrudes a handbreadth in two direc-tions, but not on the other sides. [If there is] tumah on this side, utensils that are on the other side remain tahor. R’ Yose declares [them] tamei. A b’tach does not spread tumah. If there is a ledge, R’ Eliezer says: It does not spread tumah. R’ Yehoshua says: We view the btach as if it is does not exist, and the ledge above it spreads tumah.