[Regarding] a woman from whose breasts milk dripped and [the milk] fell into the airspace of an oven, [it is] tamei, for a beverage can transmit tumah whether one was pleased or was not pleased. If she was shovel- ing ashes out of [the oven], and a thorn hit her and she bled, or she was burned, and put her finger into her mouth, [the oven] becomes tamei.

[Regarding] a needle or a ring that were found in the floor of an oven, visible but not protruding [into the oven], if one bakes dough, and it touches [the ring or needle, the oven] is tamei. With regard to which [kind of] dough did they state [this]? Intermediate dough. [If] they were found in the coating of an oven surrounded by a sealed cover, if [they are] in a tamei [oven] they are tamei, and if [they are] in a tahor [oven] they are tahor. [If] they were found in the stopper of a barrel in its side, they are tamei. Opposite its mouth, they are tahor. [If] they are visible from within it but [do] not [protrude] into its airspace, they are tahor. [If they were] sunken into it and under them was like a garlic peel, they are tahor.

[Regarding] a barrel that is full of tahor beverages and a siphon is in it, [which is] surrounded by a sealed cover and placed under the same roof as a corpse, Beis Shammai say: The barrel and the beverages are tahor, but the siphon is tamei. And Beis Hillel say: Even the siphon is tahor. [Subsequently,] Beis Hillel reversed [themselves] to rule in accordance with the view of Beis Shammai.

[Regarding] a sheretz that was found beneath the floor of an oven, [the oven is] tahor, for I say: It fell while alive and [only] now did it die. [Regarding] a needle or ring that was found beneath the floor of an oven, [the oven is] tahor, for I say: They were there before the oven arrived. [If] they were found in the ashes, [the oven is] tamei, for there is nothing to which it can be attributed.

[Regarding] a sponge that absorbed tamei beverages and was dry on the outside and it fell into the airspace of an oven, [the oven is] tamei, because the beverage will eventually emerge. And similarly a piece of turnip or of reed-grass. R’ Shimon rules tahor in these two [cases].

[Regarding] shards of earthenware that were used for tamei beverages, and they fell into the airspace of an oven, [if] the oven was heated, it is tamei, because the beverage will eventually emerge. And similarly with new marc, but in [the case of] old [marc, the oven is] tahor. And if it is known that beverage comes out of it, even after three years, [the oven] becomes tamei.

[Regarding] marc and grape skins that were made in [conditions of] taharah and temei’im walked on them, and afterward beverages emerged from them, they are tahor, for they were originally made in [conditions of] taharah. [Regarding] a spindle that swallowed [its] hook, an ox-goad that swallowed [its] nail, [or] a brick that swallowed a ring, and they are tahor, [if] they enter a tent [containing] a corpse, they become tamei. [If] a zav moves them, they become tamei. [If] they fell into the airspace of a tahor oven, they render it tamei. [If] a loaf of terumah touched them, it is tahor.

[Regarding] a sereedah that is placed over the mouth of an oven surrounded by a sealed cover, [if] a crack developed between the oven and the sereedah, its measure is the width of the mouth of an ox-goad that cannot be inserted. R’ Yehudah says: [If] it can enter. [If] the sereedah developed a crack, its measure is the width of the mouth of an ox-goad that can enter. R’ Yehudah says: [Even if] it cannot enter. [If the crack in the sereedah] was rounded, we do not view it as being straight; rather its measure is the width of an ox-goad that can enter.

An oven whose eye developed a crack, its measure is the full size of a spindle that can enter and exit [while] lit on fire. R’ Yehudah says: Which is not lit on fire. If it developed a hole at its side, its measure is the full size of a spindle that can enter and exit unlit. R’ Yehudah says: Lit on fire. R’ Shimon says: [If the hole is] in the middle, [then only if] it can enter. [If it is] at the side, [then even if] it cannot enter. And similarly [R’ Shimon] would say regarding the stopper of a barrel that developed a hole, its measure is the width of the second node of [a stalk of] oats. In the middle, [if] it can enter. In the side, [even if] it cannot enter. And similarly, [R’ Shimon] would say regarding large casks that developed holes, their measure is the size of the second node of a reed. In the middle, [if] it can enter. In the side, [even if] it cannot enter. When are [these] things said? When the [containers] were made for wine. But if they were made for other beverages, even [if they have a hole of] the most-minute size, they are tamei. When are [these] things said? When the [holes] were not made by the hands of man. But if they were made by the hands of man, even [if the hole is of] the most-minute size, [the container is] tamei. [If] they developed holes, [utensils] that are intended for food, their measure is with olives. [Utensils] that are intended for beverages, their measure is with beverages. [A utensil] that is intended for both, we apply to it its more-stringent [measure] with regard to a sealed cover, with [a hole large enough] to let in a beverage.

The following utensils protect with a sealed cover: Dung utensils, stone utensils, clay utensils, earthenware utensils, nesser utensils, bones of a fish or its skin, bones of a sea creature or its skin, and wooden utensils that are tahor. They protect both from their mouths and from their sides, [and] whether they are resting on their bases or tilted on their sides. [If] they were turned over upon their mouths, they protect all that is beneath them down to the depths; R’ Eliezer rules it tamei. [These utensils] protect all things, except for an earthenware utensil, which only protects foodstuff and earthenware utensils.