What is the case of [the two groups of offerings being brought] for one [type of] obligation? [If the first group of offerings was brought for one incident of a woman giving] birth and [the other group or groups were also brought for incidents of giving] birth, [or if the first group of offerings was brought for one occurrence of] zivah and [the other group or groups were also brought for occurrences of] zivah, [these are cases of both groups being brought] for one [type of] obligation.  [And what is the case of the two groups of offerings being brought] for two [different types of] obligations? [If one group was brought for] a birth and [the other group was brought for occurrences of] zivah.  What is the case of [the two groups of offerings being brought from] two women? [If the two groups of birds were brought to atone] for this woman [upon giving] birth and [to atone] for that woman [upon giving] birth, [or if the two groups of birds were brought to atone] for this woman [for an occurrence of] zivah and [to atone] for that woman [for an occurrence of] zivah, [these are cases of the groups belonging to both women being brought] for one [type of] obligation.  [And what is the case of the groups of offerings for two women being brought] for two [different types of] obligations? [if one group of offerings was brought to atone] for this woman [upon giving] birth and [the other group of offerings was brought to atone] for that woman [upon an occurrence of] zivah.  R’ Yose says: Two women [who were obligated to bring bird-offerings] who took their pairs of birds [for their offerings] mixed together [without designating which particular birds would belong to which woman], or [if] they [together] gave the purchase money for their pairs of birds to the Kohen [who sells these birds, without designating which money belongs to whom], the Kohen may offer whichever [birds] he wishes as a chatas, and he may offer whichever [birds] he wishes as an olah, whether [they are both brought] for the same [type of] obligation [or] whether [they are each brought] for two different [types of] obligations.

An undesignated pair from which [one] bird flew [away, out] to the [open] air [of the world], or it flew to among [bird-offerings] which must be left to die, or if one of them died, he must take a partner for the second [bird].  [If] it flew to among others which are fit for offering, it is unfit, and it renders unfit one [bird] corresponding to itself; for a bird which flies [out of its pair and into other pairs] is unfit, and it renders unfit one [bird] corresponding to itself.

How is this? [If there were] two women, this one having two pairs [of obligatory bird-offerings] and this one having two pairs [of such of-ferings], [and a bird] flew from this one to that one, it renders one [bird-offering] unfit when it leaves. [If] it returned [to the original group], it invalidates one [bird-offering] when it returns.  [If] it flew [again from the first group into the second] and [then] it returned [again from the second group into the first], [then again] it flew [from the first group into the second] and [then] it returned [again from the second group into the first], nothing [more] is lost, because even if they are [all] commingled, no less than two [pairs will be fit to offer].

[If] this woman has one [pair of bird-offerings], this one has two [pairs], this one has three [pairs], this one has four [pairs], this one has five [pairs], this one has six [pairs and] this one has seven [pairs], [and one bird] flew from the first [group] to the second, [then one flew from the second] to the third, [then one flew from the third] to the fourth, [then one flew from the fourth] to the fifth, [then one flew from the fifth] to the sixth, [and then one flew from the sixth] to the seventh, [then one bird] returned [down the series of groups], it invalidates one [bird in the group it flies to and one in the group it flew from] as it goes [up through the series of groups] and one as it returns [back to the beginning of the series]. The first and the second [groups] do not have any [valid bird-offerings]; the third [group has one valid pair of bird-offerings]; the fourth [group] has two [valid pairs]; the fifth [group] has three [valid pairs]; the sixth [group] has four [valid pairs]; [and] the seventh [group] has six [valid pairs of bird-offerings].  [If one bird again] flew [in succession from each group into the next] and [then one bird again] returned [in succession from each group into the next, each bird which flies between the groups] invalidates one [bird in the group it flies to and one in the group it flew from] as it goes [up through the series of groups] and as it returns [back to the beginning of the series]. The third and the fourth [groups] do not have any [valid bird-offerings]; the fifth [group] has one [valid pair]; the sixth [group] has two [valid pairs]; the seventh [group] has five [valid pairs of bird-offerings].  [If again, one bird] flew [in succession from each group into the next] and [then again one bird] returned [in succession from each group into the next, then each bird which flies between the groups] invalidates one [bird in the group it flies to and one in the group it flew from] as it goes [up through the series of groups] and one as it returns [back to the beginning of the series]. The fifth and the sixth [groups] do not have any [valid bird-offerings]; the seventh [group] has five [valid pairs of bird-offerings]. And there are those who say that the seventh [group] did not lose anything [more as a result of these additional flights back and forth].  And if [a bird] flew from those [bird-offerings] which must be left to die into any of these [groups], then all of these groups of bird-offerings must be left to die.

[If there was] an undesignated pair [of obligatory bird-offerings] and a predesignated pair [of such offerings], [and a bird] flew from the undesignated pair to the designated pair, [then] he shall take a pair-mate for the second [bird of the undesignated pair]. [If a bird then] returned, or if [a bird] flew initially from the designated pair [into the undesignated pair], [then] they must all be left to die.

[If there was] a chatas bird over here and an olah bird over there and an undesignated pair in the middle, [and then there] flew from the middle [pair] to the [two] sides, one [bird] to this side and one [bird] to that side, nothing is lost; rather, he should say: ”This [bird] which went to the chataos should be a chatas and that [bird] which went to the olos shall be an olah.”  [If a pair of birds then] returned to the center, those in the center must be left to die; these [which remain in the position of the chataos] should be offered as chataos and these [which remain in the position of the olos] shall be offered as olos. [If a pair of birds] repeated and flew from the center [pair] to [each of] the side [groups], then all of them must be left to die.  One may not bring turtledoves to be paired with young pigeons nor young pigeons to be paired with turtledoves. How is this? A woman who [first] brought her chatas-offering [with] a turtledove and [then brought] her olah-offering [with] a young pigeon, must repeat and bring her olah [with] a turtledove; [if she first brought] her olah-offering [with] a turtledove and [then she brought] her chatas-offering [with] a young pigeon, she must repeat and bring her olah-offering [with] a young pigeon. Ben Azzai says: We follow [the species of] the first [offering].  A woman who brought her chatas-offering [after childbirth] and [then] died, the heirs must bring her olah-offering [afterward]; [if, however, she brought] her olah-offering and [then] died, the heirs do not bring her chatas-offering [afterward].

In what [cases] are [the previous] things said? With a Kohen who inquires. But with a Kohen who does not inquire, [if there was] one [pair of obligatory bird-offerings] for this woman and one [pair] for that one, [or] two [pairs] for this woman and two [pairs] for that one, [or] three [pairs] for this woman and three [pairs] for that one —- [if] he made them all above [the Red Line], half [of the mingled offerings] are valid and half [of them] are invalid; [if] he made them all below [the Red Line], half [of the mingled offerings] are valid and half [of them] are invalid. [If] he made half of them above [the Red Line] and half of them below [the Red Line], [of] those [offerings] which were made above [the Red Line], half are valid and half are invalid; and [of] those [offerings] which were made below [the Red Line], half are valid and half are invalid.

If one woman has one [pair of obligatory bird-offerings], and another woman has two [such pairs], and another woman has three [such pairs], and another woman has ten [such pairs], and another woman has one hundred [such pairs] —- [if the Kohen] made all of them above [the Red Line], half [of the mingled offerings] are valid and half [of them] are invalid; [if he made] all of them below [the Red Line], half [of the mingled offerings] are valid and half [of them] are invalid. [If he made] half of them above [the Red Line] and half of them below [the Red Line], [the number of pairs in] the largest group is valid.  This is the rule: Every situation in which you can divide the pairs [in a way] that one woman’s [bird-offerings] will not be both above [the Red Line] and below [the Red Line], [then] half [of the mingled offerings] are valid and half [of them] are invalid. [And] any situation in which you cannot divide the pairs other than [in a way] that one woman’s [bird-offerings] will be both above [the Red Line] and below [the Red Line], [then the number of pairs in] the largest group is valid.

[If there was] a chatas bird for this woman and an olah bird for this one [which mingled together], —- [if the Kohen] offered all of them above [the Red Line], half [of this pair] is valid and half is invalid; [if he offered] all of them below [the Red Line], half [of this pair] is valid and half is invalid]. [If he offered] half [of the pair] above [the Red Line] and half below below the Red Line, both are invalid, because I [can] say [that] the chatas was [the one] offered above and the olah [was the one offered] below.

[If there was] a chatas bird and an olah bird, as well as an undesignated pair and a designated pair —- [if] he made all of them above [the Red Line], half [of each of these pairs] is valid and half [of each of these pairs] is invalid; [if] he made all of them below [the Red Line], half [of each of these pairs] is valid and half [of each of these pairs] is invalid. [If] he made half of them above [the Red Line] and half of them below [the Red Line,] none is valid except for the undesignated pair, and that [pair] is divided between them.