[If] the hair of a blemished bechor fell out and he placed it in a recess in the wall, and afterward [he] slaughtered it —- Akavya ben Mahalalel permits [it], and the Sages prohibit [it]; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. R’ Yose [however] said: Not in this [case] did Akavya [alone] permit [it]. Rather [they argued about] the hair of a blemished bechor that fell out and was placed in a recess, and afterward [the animal] died —- in this [case], Akavya ben Mahalalel permits [it] and the Sages prohibit [it].  [If] wool is hanging from a bechor —- that which appears to be from the shearing is permissible; and that which does not appear to be from the shearing is prohibited.

How long is a Yisrael required to care for a bechor? With small livestock, until thirty days; and with large livestock, fifty days. R’ Yose says: With small [livestock] three months. [If] the Kohen said to him within this time, “Give it to me,” he may not give it to him. [If] it was blemished, [and] he said to him, “Give it to me so that I may eat it,” it is permissible. However, during the era of the Temple, if it was perfect [and] he said to him, “Give it to me that I may offer it,” it is permissible.  The bechor must be eaten within the year, whether it is perfect or blemished, as it is said (Deut. 15:20): “Before HASHEM your God you shall eat it year by year.”

[If] it developed a blemish during its [first] year, it is permissible to keep it for the entire twelve months; after its [first] year, he may keep it only until thirty days.

[If] one slaughters a bechor and [then] shows its blemish —- R’ Yehudah permits [it]; R’ Meir [however] says: Since it was slaughtered without the sanction of an expert, it is forbidden.

[If] one who is not an expert inspected a bechor, and it was slaughtered by his sanction —- it must be buried, and he must make restitution from his property.  [If] one derived a verdict [and] he declared the guilty party innocent, or he declared the innocent party guilty, [or] he declared [something] tamei which was [in fact] tahor, or he declared [something] tahor which was [in fact] tamei —- what he has done is done, and he must make restitution from his own property. But if he was an expert approved by the court, he is exempt from making restitution. It happened that a cow’s womb had been removed, and R’ Tarfon had it fed to dogs, and the case came before the Sages, who declared it permissible. Todos the physician said: Not a cow or sow leaves Alexandria until its womb is cut away, in order that it should not give birth. Said R’ Tarfon, “Your donkey has departed, Tarfon!” R’ Akiva said to him, “R’ Tarfon, you are exempt, for you are an expert approved by the court, and any expert approved by the court is exempt from making restitution.”

[If] one takes payment for inspecting bechoros, [we] do not slaughter [them] by his sanction, unless he is an expert like Ayala at Yavneh, whom the Sages permitted to take four issars for small livestock, and six [issars] for large [livestock], whether unblemished or blemished.

[If] one takes payment for judging, his decisions are void; for testifying, his testimonies are void; for sprinkling or for mixing [purification water] —- his water is [like] cave water, and his ashes are [like] ordinary ashes. If he was a Kohen, and he contaminated him from [eating] his terumah, he may give him to eat, to drink and to anoint himself. If he was an old man, he may give him a donkey upon which to ride. And he may give him his pay like a laborer.

[If] one is suspected of bechor [violations], we may not purchase from him either venison, or untanned hides. R’ Eliezer says: We may purchase from him hides of females. We may [also] not purchase from him wool that is bleached of its dirt, but we may purchase from him thread and garments.

If one is suspected of Sabbatical year [violations], we may not purchase from him flax, even combed, but we may purchase from him thread or braided ropes.

[If] one is suspected of selling terumah as ordinary produce, we may not purchase from him even water or salt; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. R’ Shimon says: Whatever has a connection to terumah and maaser we may not purchase from him.

[One] who is suspected of Sabbatical year [violations] is not suspected of [transgressing the laws of] maaser; one who is suspected of maaser [violations] is not suspected of Sabbatical year [violations]. One who is suspected of both these [violations] is suspected of [transgressing the laws of] tahorah. But in some cases, one who is suspected of tahorah [violations] is not suspected of [violating] this one or of that one. This is the rule: Whoever is suspected of something may neither judge nor testify concerning it.

All disqualified offerings may be sold in the market, slaughtered in the market, and be weighed by the litra, with the exception of the bechor and the maaser offering, because their advantage falls to the owners. [With] disqualified offerings, [however,] their advantage falls to the holy estate. And a portion may be weighed against a portion in the case of the bechor.

Beis Shammai say: A Yisrael may not be invited [to join] with a Kohen in a bechor. Beis Hillel [however] permit [it], and even a non-Jew.  [If] a bechor suffers from a congestion of blood, even if it will die it may not be bled; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. The Sages [however] say: He may let [its] blood, provided he does not inflict a blemish upon it; and if he did inflict a blemish upon it, it may not be slaughtered on its account. R’ Shimon says: He may bleed it even though he inflicts a blemish upon it.