Avot 6:11 - Horayos 2:3
Horayos1: 1
הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין לַעֲבוֹר עַל אַחַת מִכָּל מִצְוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה, וְהָלַךְ הַיָּחִיד וְעָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג עַל פִּיהֶם, בֵּין שֶׁעָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה עִמָּהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁעָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה אַחֲרֵיהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא עָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה — פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁתָּלָה בְבֵית דִּין.  הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין וְיָדַע אֶחָד מֵהֶן שֶׁטָּעוּ, אוֹ תַלְמִיד וְהוּא רָאוּי לְהוֹרָאָה, וְהָלַךְ וְעָשָׂה עַל פִּיהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁעָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה עִמָּהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁעָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה אַחֲרֵיהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא עָשׂוּ וְעָשָׂה — הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא תָלָה בְבֵית דִּין.  זֶה הַכְּלָל: הַתּוֹלֶה בְעַצְמוֹ — חַיָּב. וְהַתּוֹלֶה בְבֵית דִּין — פָּטוּר.
[If] the court ruled to violate one of the commandments stated in the Torah, and an individual went and acted erroneously on their word, [regardless of] whether they acted and he acted along with them, or they acted and he acted after them, or whether they did not act but he did —- he is exempt, because he relied on the court.  [If] the court ruled and one of them knew that they had erred, or he was a student worthy of ruling, and he went and acted on their word, whether they acted and he acted with them, or they acted and he acted after them, or they did not act but he did —- he (lit., this one) is liable, because he did not rely on the court.  This is the rule: One who relies on himself is liable, but one who relies on the court is exempt.
Horayos1: 2
הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין, וְיָדְעוּ שֶׁטָּעוּ, וְחָזְרוּ בָהֶן, בֵּין שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ כַפָּרָתָן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאוּ כַפָּרָתָן, וְהָלַךְ וְעָשָׂה עַל פִּיהֶן — רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: סָפֵק. אֵיזֶהוּ סָפֵק? יָשַׁב לוֹ בְתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ — חַיָּב. הָלַךְ לוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם — פָּטוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: מוֹדֶה אֲנִי בָזֶה שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לִפְטוּר מִן הַחוֹבָה. אָמַר לוֹ בֶן עַזַּאי: מַה שָּׁנָה זֶה מִן הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּבֵיתוֹ? שֶׁהַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּבֵיתוֹ אֶפְשָׁר הָיָה לוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע, וְזֶה לֹא הָיָה אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע.
[If] the court ruled and realized that they had erred, and retracted [their ruling], whether they had already brought their atonement or whether they did not yet bring their atonement —- and he proceeded to act on their word —- R’ Shimon ex-empts [him]; but R’ Eliezer says [it is] doubtful. Which [case] is doubtful? [If] he remained at home, he is liable. [If] he went overseas, he is exempt. Said R’ Akiva: I agree in this case that he is closer to exemption than to obligation. Ben Azzai said to him: [In] what [way] is he different from one remaining at home? [R’ Akiva replied:] In that it was possible for the one re-maining at home to have heard, [while] for this one it was impossible for him to have heard.
Horayos1: 3
הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין לַעֲקוֹר אֶת כָּל הַגּוּף, אָמְרוּ אֵין נִדָּה בַתּוֹרָה, אֵין שַׁבָּת בַּתּוֹרָה, אֵין עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בַתּוֹרָה — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרִין. הוֹרוּ לְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיֵּם מִקְצָת — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין. כֵּיצַד? אָמְרוּ יֵשׁ נִדָּה בַתּוֹרָה, אֲבָל הַבָּא עַל שׁוֹמֶרֶת יוֹם כְּנֶגֶד יוֹם פָּטוּר; יֵשׁ שַׁבָּת בַּתּוֹרָה, אֲבָל הַמּוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פָּטוּר; יֵשׁ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בַתּוֹרָה, אֲבָל הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶה פָּטוּר — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ”וְנֶעְלַם דָּבָר”, דָּבָר, וְלֹא כָל הַגּוּף.
[If] the court ruled to uproot the entire corpus [of a law] —- [for example] if they said [that] there is no niddah [prohibition] in the Torah, [or that] there is no Sabbath [prohibition] in the Torah, [or that] there is no idol worship [prohibition] in the Torah —- they are exempt. [If] they ruled to abolish part [of a law] and to retain part, they are liable. How so? [If] they said [that] there is a niddah [prohibition] in the Torah, but one who cohabits with a woman observing one day against another is exempt; [or that] there is a Sabbath [prohibition] in the Torah, but one who carries from a private domain to a public domain is exempt; [or that] there is [a prohibition on] idol worship in the Torah, but one who bows is exempt —- they are liable; as it says: and some matter will be forgotten —- some matter, but not the entire corpus.
Horayos1: 4
הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין, וְיָדַע אֶחָד מֵהֶן שֶׁטָּעוּ וְאָמַר לָהֶן טוֹעִין אַתֶּם, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה מֻפְלָא שֶׁל בֵּית דִּין שָׁם, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן גֵּר אוֹ מַמְזֵר אוֹ נָתִין אוֹ זָקֵן שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה [לוֹ] בָנִים — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כָּאן ”עֵדָה” וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן ”עֵדָה”, מָה עֵדָה הָאֲמוּרָה לְהַלָּן עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כֻלָּם רְאוּיִים לְהוֹרָאָה, אַף עֵדָה הָאֲמוּרָה כָאן עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כֻלָּם רְאוּיִים לְהוֹרָאָה.  הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין שׁוֹגְגִין, וְעָשׂוּ כָל הַקָּהָל שׁוֹגְגִין — מְבִיאִין פָּר.  מְזִידִין, וְעָשׂוּ שׁוֹגְגִין — מְבִיאִין כִּשְׂבָּה וּשְׂעִירָה. שׁוֹגְגִין, וְעָשׂוּ מְזִידִין — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְטוּרִין.
[If] the court ruled, and one of them knew that they had erred, and he said to them, “You are mistaken”; or [if] the most dis-tinguished [member] of the court was not there, or [if] one of them was a convert, or a mamzer, or a Nesinite, or an elder who never had (lit., saw for himself) children —- these are exempt; for it says here edah and it says further on edah, just as [in the case of the] edah which is said further on, they must all be fit to rule, so too, the edah which is said here [means] until they are all fit for legal ruling.  [If] the court ruled inadvertently, and all the people acted inadvertently —- they bring a bull.  [If they ruled] willfully and [the people] acted inadvertently —- they must [each] bring a she-lamb or a she-goat. [If they ruled] inadvertently, and [the people] acted willfully —- they are exempt.
Horayos1: 5
הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין, וְעָשׂוּ כָל הַקָּהָל אוֹ רֻבָּן עַל פִּיהֶם — מְבִיאִין פָּר. וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְבִיאִין פַּר וְשָׂעִיר; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שְׁבָטִים מְבִיאִין שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר פָּרִים, וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְבִיאִין שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שְׂעִירִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר פָּרִים, וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר פָּרִים וּשְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר שְׂעִירִים — פַּר וְשָׂעִיר לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט, פַּר וְשָׂעִיר לְבֵית דִּין.  הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין, וְעָשׂוּ שִׁבְעָה שְׁבָטִים אוֹ רֻבָּן עַל פִּיהֶם — מְבִיאִים פָּר. וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְבִיאִין פַּר וְשָׂעִיר; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שִׁבְעָה שְׁבָטִים שֶׁחָטְאוּ מְבִיאִים שִׁבְעָה פָרִים, וּשְׁאָר שְׁבָטִים שֶׁלֹּא חָטְאוּ מְבִיאִין עַל יְדֵיהֶן פָּר, שֶׁאַף אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא חָטְאוּ מְבִיאִין עַל יְדֵי הַחוֹטְאִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁמוֹנָה פָרִים, וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שְׁמוֹנָה פָרִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה שְׂעִירִים — פַּר וְשָׂעִיר לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט, וּפַר וְשָׂעִיר לְבֵית דִּין.  הוֹרוּ בֵית דִּין שֶׁל אֶחָד מִן הַשְּׁבָטִים, וְעָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הַשֵּׁבֶט עַל פִּיהֶם — אוֹתוֹ הַשֵּׁבֶט הוּא חַיָּב, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַשְּׁבָטִים פְּטוּרִים; דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵין חַיָּבִים אֶלָּא עַל הוֹרָיַת בֵּית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל בִּלְבָד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ”וְאִם כָּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁגּוּ”, וְלֹא עֲדַת אוֹתוֹ הַשֵּׁבֶט.
[If] the court ruled, and all the people, or most of them, acted on their word, they bring a bull; and for idolatry, they bring a bull and a goat; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah says: Twelve tribes bring twelve bulls; and for idolatry, they bring twelve bulls and twelve goats. R’ Shimon says: Thirteen bulls; and for idolatry, thirteen bulls and thirteen goats —- a bull and a goat for each tribe, [and] a bull and a goat for the court.  [If] the court ruled, and seven tribes acted, or most of them, on their word —- they bring a bull; and for idolatry, they bring a bull and a goat; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah says: Seven tribes that sinned bring seven bulls, and the rest of the tribes that did not sin bring a bull be-cause of them, for even those who did not sin bring because of those who sinned. R’ Shimon says: Eight bulls, and for idola-try, eight bulls and eight goats; a bull and a goat for each tribe, [and] a bull and a goat for the court.  [If] the court of one of the tribes ruled, and that tribe acted on their word, that tribe is liable, but the rest of the tribes are exempt; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. But the Sages say: They are not liable except for a ruling of the High Court, as it is said: If the whole assembly of Israel errs —- not the assembly of that tribe.
Horayos2: 1
הוֹרָה כֹהֵן מָשִׁיחַ לְעַצְמוֹ שׁוֹגֵג, וְעָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג — מֵבִיא פָר. שׁוֹגֵג, וְעָשָׂה מֵזִיד, מֵזִיד, וְעָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג — פָּטוּר, שֶׁהוֹרָאַת כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ לְעַצְמוֹ כְּהוֹרָאַת בֵּית דִּין לַצִּבּוּר.
[If] the Anointed Kohen ruled [permissively] for himself —- [if he ruled] inadvertently and he acted inadvertently, he brings a bull; [but if he ruled] inadvertently and acted willfully, [or if he ruled] willfully and acted inadvertently, he is exempt; because the ruling of the Anointed Kohen for himself is like the ruling of the court for the community.
Horayos2: 2
הוֹרָה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְעָשָׂה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ — מִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. הוֹרָה עִם הַצִּבּוּר וְעָשָׂה עִם הַצִּבּוּר — מִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ עִם הַצִּבּוּר.  שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין חַיָּבִים עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיֵּם מִקְצָת, וְכֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ; וְלֹא בַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיֵּם מִקְצָת.
[If] he ruled independently and acted independently, he is atoned for independently. [If] he ruled with the community and acted with the community, he is atoned for with the community.  For the court is not liable unless it rules to abolish part and to retain part, and so [too] the Anointed Kohen, and neither [are they liable] with regard to idol- atry unless they rule to abolish part and to retain part.
Horayos2: 3
אֵין חַיָּבִין אֶלָא עַל הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר עִם שִׁגְגַת הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, וְכֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וְלֹא בַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה אֵין חַיָּבִין אֶלָּא עַל הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר עִם שִׁגְגַת הַמַּעֲשֶׂה.  אֵין בֵּית דִּין חַיָּבִין עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ בְדָבָר שֶׁזְּדוֹנוֹ כָרֵת וְשִׁגְגָתוֹ חַטָּאת, וְכֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וְלֹא בַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁזְּדוֹנוֹ כָרֵת וְשִׁגְגָתוֹ חַטָּאת.
They are not liable except for the oversight of something along with an inadvertent act; and so too the Anointed [Kohen]. Neither are they liable for idolatry except for the oversight of something along with an inadvertent act.  The court is not liable unless it rules on a matter which [is punishable] by kares for willful transgression and by a sin-offering for inadvertent transgression; and so too for the Anointed [Kohen]. Neither [are they liable] for idolatry unless they rule on a matter which [is punishable] by kares for willful transgression and by a sin-offering for inadvertent transgression.
Avot6: 11
כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בָּעוֹלָמוֹ, לֹא בְרָאוֹ אֶלָּא לִכְבוֹדוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ”כֹּל הַנִּקְרָא בִשְׁמִי וְלִכְבוֹדִי בְּרָאתִיו יְצַרְתִּיו אַף־עֲשִׂיתִיו”; וְאוֹמֵר: ”ה' יִמְלֹךְ לְעֹלָם וָעֶד”. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן עֲקַשְׁיָא אוֹמֵר, רָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְזַכּוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ הִרְבָּה לָהֶם תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר יְהֹוָה חָפֵץ לְמַעַן צִדְקוֹ יַגְדִּיל תּוֹרָה וְיַאְדִּיר:
All that the Holy One, Blessed is He, created in His world He created only for His honor, as it states: Everyone who is called by My Name and whom I have created for My glory, whom I have fashioned, even perfected. And it states: Hashem shall reign for all eternity.