All minchah-offerings require three hundred rubbings and five hundred poundings; and the rubbings and poundings are to the wheat. R’ Yose says: [Even] to the dough. All minchah-offerings are brought in groups of ten [loaves], except for the lechem hapanim and the chavitin of the Kohen Gadol, which are brought in [groups of] twelve; [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. R’ Meir says: They are all brought in groups of twelve [loaves], except for the loaves of the todah-[offering] and the nazir’s [offering], which are brought in groups of ten.

The omer-offering consisted of one issaron [of flour] refined from three seahs. The shtei halechem [consisted of] two essronim [refined] from three seahs. The lechem hapanim [consisted of] twenty-four essronim [refined] from twenty-four seahs.

The omer-offering was sifted through thir teen sieves, the shtei halechem through twelve, and the lechem hapanim through eleven. R’ Shimon says: There was no set amount; rather he brought flour that was sifted as much as necessary, as it is stated (Lev. 24:5): And you shall take fine flour and you shall bake it — until it is sifted as much as necessary.

The todah-offering consisted of five Jerusalem seahs, which are six Wilderness seahs, [or] two ephahs; the ephah is three seahs, [or] twenty issaron — ten for leavened [loaves] and ten for matzah. Ten for the leavened [loaves] — one issaron per loaf. Ten for the matzah — and the matzah consists of three varieties: challos, rekikin, and revuchah; thus, [there are] three and one-third essronos for each variety, three loaves per issaron. In the Jerusalem measure, there are thirty kav: fifteen for the leavened [loaves] and fifteen for the matzah. Fifteen for the leavened [loaves] — one and a half kavs per loaf. Fifteen for the matzah — and the matzah consists of three varieties: challos, rekikin, and revuchah. Thus, there are five kavs for each variety; two loaves per kav.

The initiation-offerings were brought like the matzah of the todah-offering: challos, rekikin, and revuchah. That of the nazir consisted of two parts of the matzah of the todahoffering: challos and rekikin, but it has no revuchah; thus, [it consists of] ten Jerusalem kavs which equal six essronos and [the] excess. From all of them he would take one-tenth for terumah, as it is stated (Lev. 7:14): And he shall bring from it one from every offering as a terumah to HASHEM. One — that he may not take [it] broken. From every offering — that all the offerings should be equal, and that he may not take from one offering for another. To the Kohen who throws the blood of the shelamim-offering shall it belong — and the remainder is eaten by the owner.

[If] one slaughtered the todah-offering inside while its loaves were outside the wall, the bread is not sanctified. [If] he slaughtered it before they became crusted in the oven, or even if all were crusted except for one, the bread is not sanctified. [If] he slaughtered it [for] beyond its time or [for] outside its place, the bread is sanctified. [If] he slaughtered it and it was found to be a tereifah, the bread is not sanctified. [If] he slaughtered it and it was found to be blemished — R’ Eliezer says: It is sanctified; but the Sages say: It is not sanctified. [If] he slaughtered it for a designation other than its own — and so too the initiation ram, and so too the two lambs of Shavuos which one slaughtered for a designation other than their own — the bread is not sanctified.

[If] libations were sanctified in a vessel and the sacrifice was found to be invalid — if there is another sacrifice present they are offered with it; if not, they become invalid by being left overnight. The offspring of a todah-offering, its temurah, or one who set aside a todah-offering and it was lost and he set aside another in its place — do not require bread; as it is stated (Lev. 7:12): And he shall offer with the sacrifice of the todah-offering — the todah-offering requires bread, [but] neither its offspring, its replacement, nor its temurah require bread.

One who says, ‘‘I take upon myself [to bring] a todah-offering,’’ must bring it and its bread from that which is unconsecrated. [If he said,] ‘‘A todah-offering from that which is unconsecrated and its bread from maaser,’’ he must bring its bread from that which is unconsecrated. [If he said,] ‘‘A todah-offering from maaser and its bread from that which is unconsecrated,’’ let him bring [it]. ‘‘[Both] the todah-offering, and its bread from maaser,’’ let him bring [it]. However, he may not bring from wheat of maaser sheni, only from money of maaser sheni.

From where is it [known] that one who says, ‘‘I take upon myself [to bring] a todah-offering,’’ must bring from that which is unconsecrated? Because it is stated (Deut. 16:2): And you shall sacrifice a pesach-offering to HASHEM your God, [from the] flocks and cattle. But does not the pesach-offering come only from sheep or goats? If so, why does it say flocks and cattle? It is in order to compare all that comes from cattle and flocks to the pesach-offering. Just as the pesach-offering, which comes as an obligation, comes only from that which is unconsecrated; so anything which comes as an obligation may be brought only from that which is unconsecrated. Therefore, if one says, ‘‘I take upon myself [to bring] a todah-offering’’; [or] ‘‘I take upon myself [to bring] a shelamimoffering,’’ since they come as an obligation, they may come only from that which is unconsecrated. However, libations in all cases come only from that which is unconsecrated.

All communal and individual offerings may come either from the Land [of Israel] or from outside the Land, either from the new [crop] or from the old, except for the omer and the shtei halechem, which may come only from the new [crop] and from the Land. All of them come only from choice [produce]. Which is choice? Michmas and Mezonichah are the preferred areas for fine flour. Chafarayim in the valley is second to them. All lands are valid, but they would bring from these.

We do not bring either from a fertilized field, or from an irrigated field, or from a field of trees; but if one brought, it is valid. How does one do it? He plows it the first year, and in the second he plants it seventy days prior to Passover, and it produces fine flour in abundance. How does one check it? The treasurer inserts his hand into it. [If] dust comes up in it, it is unfit until he sifts it. If it becomes wormy, it is unfit.

Tekoah is the preferred area for the oil. Abba Shaul says: Second to it is Regev beyond the Jordan. All lands are valid, but they would bring from these. We do not bring either from a fertilized field, or from an irrigated field, or from those [trees] between which vegetation grew; but if one brought, it is valid. We do not bring from unripe olives, and if one did, it is invalid. We do not bring from oliveberries which were soaked in water, nor from the preserved, nor from the stewed; if one did, it is invalid.