A [person who is] tamei who eats holy [foods], one who enters the Temple while tamei; one who eats fat, blood, leftover [sac-rificial meat], pig-gul, or [sacrificial foods which have become] tamei; one who slaughters [a sacrificial animal] or offers [it] up outside [the Temple]; one who eats chametz on Pesach; one who eats or performs work on Yom Kippur; one who compounds [anointing] oil, com-pounds incense, or anoints with the anointing oil; one who eats neveilos, treifos, abominable creatures, and crawling things.  One who eats tevel, or maaser rishon from which terumah was not separated, or maaser sheni or consecrated objects which were not redeemed. How much must he eat of tevel to be liable? R' Shimon says: Any amount. The Sages [however] say: The bulk of an olive. Said R' Shimon to them: Do you not concur with me concerning one who eats an ant of any size that he is liable? They replied: Because it is as it was created. He replied: One wheat kernel, too, is as it was created.

One who eats bikkurim before the recital over them, [or who eats] kodshei kodashim outside the curtains, kodashim kalim or maaser sheni out-side the wall, [or] one who breaks the bone of a pesach-offering that is tahor —- incurs the penalty of forty [lashes]. But one who leaves over [meat] of one that is tahor, or who breaks [a bone] of one that is tamei, does not incur the penalty of forty [lashes].

[If] one takes a mother [bird] while on her young —- R' Yehudah says: He incurs the penalty of lashes, and he need not send [her] away. The Sages [however] say: He must send [her] away, and he does not incur the penalty of lashes. This is the rule: Any negative commandment that has in it a positive commandment bears no liability.

One who makes a bald spot on his head, or who rounds the corner of his head, or who destroys the corner of his beard, or who inflicts [upon himself] a single gash over someone who died —- he is liable. [If] he inflicted one gash over five people who died, or five gashes over one person who died —- he is liable for each one.  On the head: two —- one on each side. On the beard —- two on each side and one below. R' Eliezer says: If he removed it all at once, he is liable only once. He is not liable unless he removes it with a razor. R' Eliezer says: Even if he plucked it with a tweezer or with a plane, he is liable.

One who makes a tattoo: [If] he wrote but did not prick [it into the skin], [or] he pricked [the skin] but did not write —- he is not liable, unless he writes and pricks [it into the skin] with ink, or with blue dye, or with anything that makes a mark. R' Shimon ben Yehudah says in the name of R' Shimon: He is not liable unless he writes a name there, as it is said (Lev. 19:28): And a tat-too shall you not place upon yourselves; I am Hashem.

A nazir who kept drinking wine all day is liable only once. [If] they said to him, “Do not drink, do not drink,” and he kept drinking —- he is liable for each one.

[If] he kept contaminating himself with corpses all day, he is liable only once. [If] they said to him, “Do not contaminate your-self! Do not contaminate yourself!,” and he kept contaminating himself —- he is liable for each one.  [If] he kept shaving all day, he is liable only once. [If] they said to him, “Do not shave! Do not shave!,” and he kept shaving —- he is liable for each one.  [If] he kept wearing kilayim all day, he is liable only once. [If] they said to him, “Do not wear it! Do not wear it!,” and he kept taking it off and putting it on —- he is liable for each one.

There is [a case in which] one plows a fur-row and is liable on its account for eight negative commandments: One who plows with an ox and a donkey which are consecrated, with kilayim in a vineyard, and during the Sabbatical year, and on a Festival, and [he is] a Kohen and a nazir in a tumah-contaminated place. Chananya ben Chachinai says: Also one who was wearing ki-la-yim. They said to him: This is not for that reason. He replied to them: Neither is nazir for that reason.

How many lashes do we give him? Forty less one, as it is said (Deut. 25:2,3): in the number of forty —- the number that is close to forty. R' Yehudah says: He is flogged with the full forty lashes. Where is the extra one inflicted? Between his shoulders.

They may not assess him with any but lashes that may be divided by three. [If] they assessed him [to be able] to endure forty [lashes], [and] he was flogged some of them, and they then said that he was unable to endure forty, he is exempt. [If] they assessed him [to be able] to endure eighteen [lashes, but] after being flogged, they said that he was able to endure forty, he is exempt. [If] one committed a transgression consisting of two negative commandments: if they assessed him with one assessment, he is flogged and is exempt; otherwise, he is flogged, allowed to recover, and flogged again.

How do they flog him? He binds his two hands on the post on either side, and the attendant of the congregation seizes his garments —- if they tear, they tear, and if they split open, they split open —- until he bares his chest; and the stone is placed behind him. The attendant of the congre-gation stands upon it with a calfskin strap in his hand, doubled one into two and two into four, with two [other] straps running up and down in it.

Its handle should be a handbreadth, its width a handbreadth, and its tip should reach his navel. He strikes one-third [of the lashes] in the front and two-thirds in the back; and he does not strike him either standing or sitting, but bent over, as it is said (Deut. 25:2): And the judge shall make him fall. The flogger strikes with one hand with all his might.

The reader reads (Deut. 28:58ff): If you do not observe to do, etc., Hashem will make wondrous your plagues and the plagues of, etc., and he goes back to the beginning of the verses. And you shall observe the words of this covenant, etc. (Deut. 29:8) and he concludes (Psalms 78:38): But He, the Merciful One, is forgiving of iniquity, etc., and he goes back to the beginning of the verses.  If he died under his hand, he is exempt. [If] he added one more blow, and he died —- he is exiled because of him. [If] he soiled himself either with excrement or with urine, he is exempt. R' Yehudah says: A man with excrement, and a woman with urine.

All those liable to kares who were flogged be-come exempt from their kares, as it is said (Deut. 25:3): And your brother be dis-honored before your eyes —- once he has been flogged, he is as your brother; [these are] the words of R' Chanania ben Gam-liel. Said R' Chanania ben Gamliel: Now if one who commits one transgression forfeits his soul thereby, one who performs one mitzvah, how much more should his soul be granted him! R' Shimon says: It is derived from its place, as it is said (Lev. 18:29): And the souls that do them shall be cut off, etc. And it [also] states (ibid. v. 5): which a man shall do and live by them. This means that whoever sits and refrains from committing a transgression is rewarded like one who performs a mitzvah. R' Shimon the son of Rabbi says: It states (Deut. 12:23): Only be steadfast not to eat the blood, for the blood is the life. Now if for blood, from which a person recoils, one who abstains from it is rewarded, theft and immorality, which a person desires and covets, how much more will one who abstains from them merit for himself, his children, and his grandchildren, until the end of all the generations!