[If] a person is lying under a gap, Beis Shammai say: He does not spread tumah. But Beis Hillel say: A person is hollow, and [thus] the upper side [of his body] does spread tumah.

R' Yehudah says: Six matters are among the lenient [decisions] of Beis Shammai and the stringent [decisions] of Beis Hillel. The blood of neveilos: Beis Shammai rule [that it is] tahor, while Beis Hillel rule [that it is] tamei. An egg [found] in a neveilah: If there are similar [eggs] to this one being sold in the market, it is permit-ted. But if not, it is forbidden, according to the words of Beis Shammai. However, Beis Hillel forbid [it]. But [Beis Shammai] concede that the egg of a tereifah is forbidden, because it developed in a forbidden [state]. Uterine blood of a gentile woman, and tohar blood of a metzoraas after childbirth: Beis Shammai render [both] tahor, but Beis Hillel say: [Her blood is] like her spittle and like her urine. One may eat Shemittah produce with gratitude or without gratitude, according to the words of Beis Shammai. But Beis Hillel say: One may not eat [the produce] without gratitude. A leather jug: Beis Shammai say: If it remains closed. But Beis Hillel say: Even though it does not remain closed.

R' Yose says: Six matters are among the lenient [decisions] of Beis Shammai and the stringent decisions of Beis Hillel. Fowl may go up on the table with cheese but it may not be eaten [with cheese], according to the words of Beis Shammai. But Beis Hillel say: It may not go up and it may not be eaten. We may separate olives as terumah for olive oil, and grapes as terumah for wine, in accordance with the words of Beis Shammai. But Beis Hillel say: We may not separate [them] as terumah. If one plants [within] four amos of a vineyard, Beis Shammai say: He has condemned one row. But Beis Hillel say: He has condemned two rows. A me'issah: Beis Shammai exempt [it from challah]. But Beis Hillel obligate [it]. We may perform immersion in a torrent of rainwater running down a [steep] mountain slope, according to the words of Beis Shammai. But Beis Hillel say: We may not perform immersion [therein]. A convert who converted on the eve of Pesach: Beis Shammai say: He immerses and eats his pesach-offering that night. But Beis Hillel say: One who separates from the foreskin is like one who separates from the grave!

R' Yishmael says: Three matters are among the lenient [decisions] of Beis Shammai and the stringent [decisions] of Beis Hillel. Koheles does not render one's hands tamei, in accord- ance with the words of Beis Shammai. But Beis Hillel say: [Koheles] does render one's hands tamei. The purification waters that have accomplished their purpose: Beis Shammai declare [them] tahor. But Beis Hillel declare them tamei. Ketzach: Beis Shammai declare it tahor. But Beis Hillel declare it tamei. And similarly, [with respect] to tithing.

R' Eliezer says: Two matters are among the lenient [decisions] of Beis Shammai and the stringent [decisions] of Beis Hillel. The blood of a woman who had given birth [and] did not [yet] immerse [in a mikveh]: Beis Shammai say: [It is] like her saliva and her urine. But Beis Hillel say: It generates tumah [both] moist and dry. But [Beis Shammai] concede concerning [a woman] who had given birth in a state of zivah, that [her blood] generates tumah [both] moist and dry.

Four brothers, two of whom were married to two sisters, [and] those who were married to the sisters [both] died, [both of] these [sisters] require chalitzah, but they may not be taken in yibum. And if [the brothers] went ahead and ma-rried [the sis-ters], they must divorce [them]. R' Eliezer says in the name of Beis Shammai: They may keep them; but Beis Hillel say: They must divorce them.

Akavya ben Mahalalel testified [concerning] four matters. [The Sages] said to him: “Akavya, rescind [from your position] on the four matters that you have said, and we will appoint you the av beis din for the Jewish people.” [Akavya] replied to them: “It is preferable for me to be called a fool all my days and not become a wicked person for even one mo-ment before the Omni-present; that [people] should not say: `[Akavya] retracted from his opinions for the sake of [obtaining a position of] authority.' ” He [Akavya] would declare tamei the deposited hair and yellow [uterine] blood, but the Sages declare [them] tahor. He would permit [benefiting from] the hair of a blemished bechor which fell out and was placed in a recess in the wall and afterwards he slaughtered [the animal], but the Sages prohibit [it]. He [Akavya ben Mahalalel] used to say: We do not give to drink neither to a female convert, nor to a freed slavewoman. But the Sages say: We do give [them] to drink.They said to him: An incident once took place in Jerusalem [in connection] with Charkemis, a freed slavewoman, and Shemayah and Avtalyon gave her [sotah-water] to drink. [Akavya ben Mahalalel] replied to them: They gave her to drink similar.” And they excommunicated [Akavya], he died in a state of excommunication and the court had his coffin stoned. R' Yehudah said: Heaven forbid [that one say] that Akavya was excommunicated, for [the doors of] the Temple Courtyard did not close on anyone from [the entire People of] Israel who was [as great] in wisdom and in fear of sin as was Akavya ben Mahalalel. Rather, who was it that they excommunicated? [It was] Eliezer ben Chanoch, who slighted [the requirement of] keeping one's hands tahor. And when he died, the court sent its agents and they placed a stone on his coffin; which teaches you that when anyone is excommunicated and dies in a state of excommunication, [the court] stones his coffin.

At the time of [Akavya's] death he said to his son: “My son, retract from the four matters that I used to say.” He said to [Akavya his father]: “And why did you not retract yourself?” [Akavya] said to [his son]: “I heard [these rulings] pronounced by the ma-jority and they [the Sages] heard [them] pronounced by the majority. [Thus] I adhered to my received tradition and they ad-hered to their received tradition. But you heard [one set of rulings] pronounced by a [single] individual, [myself,] and [a con-flicting set of rulings] pronounced by the majority. [Therefore,] it is preferable [for you] to abandon the words of the indi-vi-dual and to grasp onto the words of the majority.” He said to [Akavya]: “Father, intercede with your colleagues about me.” [Akavya] answered him: “I will not intercede.” He said to [Akavya]: “Perhaps you have found some cause in me?” [Akavya] said to him: “No; [it is] your deeds [that] will bring you close [to the Sages] or your deeds [that] will distance you.”

R' Yehudah ben Bava testified [concerning] five things: [The first:] that we [the court] cause [certain] minors to refuse to continue the marriage. And [he testified] that we allow a woman to re-marry based on one witness. And [he testified] that a rooster was [once] stoned in Jerusalem for killing a person. And [he testified] that forty-day-old wine was poured as a libation on the Altar. And [he testified] about the morning tamid that it may be offered until four hours [of the day].