He [R' Akiva] would also say: There are five things that are of twelve months' duration: The judgment of the Generation of the Flood [was administered over a period of] twelve months.  The judgment of Job [was over] twelve months.  The judg-ment of the Egyptians [was over] twelve months.  The judgment of Gog and [his nation] Magog in the Future to Come [will occur over a period of] twelve months.  And the judgment of evildoers in Gehinnom [endures for] twelve months, as it is stated: And it will be from a month to its month. R' Yochanan ben Nuri says: [The judgment of evildoers takes place] from Pesach to Shavuos, as it is stated: from a Sabbath to its Sabbath.

[If] any of the parts that convey tumah through ohel were divided and one brought [the pieces] into a house, R' Dosa ben Horkinas rules [that the person remains] tahor, but the Sages rule [that he becomes] tamei. How so? If one [simultaneously] touches two half-olive-sized [pieces] of neveilah or carries them; or, in the case of a corpse, if one touches a half-olive-sized piece while he forms a “roof” over a half-olive-sized piece, or if one touches a half-olive-sized [piece] while [another] half-olive-sized [piece] forms a “roof” over him, or he forms a “roof” over two half-olive-sized [pieces, or] he forms a “roof” over [one] half-olive-sized [piece] while [another] half-olive-sized [piece] forms a “roof” over him; [in each of these cases,] R' Dosa ben Horkinas rules [that the person remains] tahor, while the Sages rule [that he becomes] tamei. But if one touches a half-olive-sized [piece of a corpse] while something forms a roof over him and over [another] half-olive-sized [piece], or if one forms a roof over a half-olive-sized piece while something forms a roof over him and over another half-olive-sized piece, [he remains] tahor. R' Meir said: Even in this case, R' Dosa rules [that the person remains] tahor and the Sages rule [that he becomes] tamei. [In] every case [where a person is subject to tumah from two undersized pieces of a corpse, the Sages maintain that he be-comes] tamei, except [for a combination of] touch and carrying, or carrying and “roof.” This is the rule [according to the Sages:] Any [two associations] from the same category [render the person] tamei, whereas from two [different] categories [leave him] tahor.

Separate pieces of tamei food do not combine, these are the words of R' Dosa ben Horkinas. But the Sages say: It does com-bine. One can deconsecrate maaser sheni onto an unstamped coin, [these are] the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: One cannot deconsecrate [maaser sheni in this manner]. One must immerse [his] hands [in a mikveh] for [the] chatas [water], these are the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: If one's hands had become tamei, his [entire] body is [treated as though it had become] tamei.

The insides of a melon and that which is cut from a vegetable that are terumah, R' Dosa permits [their consumption] by non-Kohanim, but the Sages prohibit [their consumption by non-Kohanim]. Five sheep, each of which is shorn of [wool that weighs] a maneh and a half, are subject to the [law of the] first fleece, these are the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: Five sheep [shorn of wool that weighs] any amount [are subject to the obli-gation].

All rush mats are [capable of becoming] tamei [with] corpse tumah, [these are] the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: [Rush mats can contract tumas] midras. All braided threads are tahor, except for [those] of a braided belt, these are the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: All [braided threads] are capable of becoming tamei, except for those of the cord used by wool dealers.

A sling whose holder is [made of] woven [cloth] is [capable of becoming] tamei. But [if the holder is made] of leather, R' Dosa ben Horkinas rules it tahor, but the Sages rule it tamei. [If] its fingerhold splits, it is tahor. [But if] the part of the cord that the user holds [breaks, the sling retains its ability to become] tamei.

A woman who was captured [by idolaters] may eat terumah, [these are] the words of R' Dosa. But the Sages say: There is [a situation in which] a captured woman may eat terumah and there is [another situation in which] a captured woman may not eat terumah. How so? If a woman said, “I was captured but I am pure,” she may eat terumah, because the very mouth that has forbidden is the mouth that has permitted. But if there are witnesses [who testify] that she was captured, and she says, “I am pure,” she may not eat [terumah].

There are four [cases of] doubt in which R' Yehoshua rules [that it is] tamei and the Sages rule [that it remains] tahor. How so? (a) A tamei person is standing and a tahor person passes by; (b) a tahor person stands and a tamei person passes by; (c) [an object of] tumah is in the private domain and [an object that is] tahor is in the public domain; (d) [an object that is] tahor is in the private domain and [an object of] tumah is in the public domain. [These are the four cases.] [There is] a doubt whether [a person] touched [it] or did not touch [it], [or] there is a doubt whether [one entity] formed a roof [over them] or did not form a roof [over them], [or there is] a doubt whether [he] moved [the tamei] or did not move it. [In each of these four cases,] R' Yehoshua rules that [the person] becomes tamei, but the Sages rule [in each situation that he] remains tahor.

[In] three cases [concerning tumah susceptibility], R' Tzadok rules [that the articles can become] tamei and the Sages rule [that they are] tahor: (a) the nail of a money changer, (b) and a grist-merchant's chest, (c) and the nail of a sundial; R' Tzadok deems [these three capable of becoming] tamei, but the Sages rule that they are tahor.

There are four things that Rabban Gamliel deems capable of becoming tamei and the Sages deem tahor: The metal cover of a householder's teni, and the hanger of a strigil, and unfinished metal utensils and a tray that split into two. But the Sages agree with Rabban Gamliel in the case of a tray that split into two [pieces], one large and one small, [that] the large [piece] is [capable of becoming] tamei and the small [piece] is tahor.

[In] three matters Rabban Gamliel rules stringently in accordance with Beis Shammai: (a) One may not insulate hot water on Yom Tov for the Sabbath, and (b) one may not straigh-ten a candlestick on Yom Tov, and (c) one may not bake thick loaves of bread [on Yom Tov], only wafers. Rabban Gamliel said: “In all the days of my father's household they would never bake thick loaves of bread [on Yom Tov], only wafers.” They [the Sages who disagreed with Rabban Gam-liel] said to him: “And what shall we do with your father's household? They were stringent upon themselves but they ruled leniently for [the people of] Israel, allowing them to bake thick loaves of bread and [even] coal-baked bread [on Yom Tov].”

He also ruled leniently in three cases: One may sweep between the couches [on the Sabbath and Yom Tov], one may put in-cense [on burning coals] on Yom Tov, and one may prepare (i.e., roast) a young goat with its entrails alongside it on Pesach nights. But the Sages prohibit [these three acts].

[There are] three matters that R' Elazar ben Azaryah permits and the Sages prohibit: (a) His cow would go out [into the public domain] with the strap which is between its horns, (b) and one may curry an animal with a metal comb on Yom Tov, (c) and one may grind peppercorns even in their mill [on Yom Tov]. R' Yehudah says: One may not curry an animal with a metal comb on Yom Tov, because he makes a wound [in the pro-cess]; however, [R' Yehudah agrees that] one may curry with a wooden comb. But the Sages say: One may curry neither with a metal comb nor even with a wooden comb.