Shomrim of produce may eat by virtue of common custom, but not by virtue of Biblical law.  There are four [types of] shomrim: an unpaid shomer, a borrower, a paid shomer, and a renter. An unpaid shomer swears for everything; a borrower pays for everything. A paid shomer and a renter swear concerning an animal that broke a limb, an animal that was captured, and an animal that died, and they pay for loss and theft.

One wolf is not an unavoidable accident; two wolves is an unavoidable accident. R’ Yehudah says: At a time when wolves are sent out, even one wolf is an unavoidable accident. Two dogs is not an unavoidable accident. Yaddua the Babylonian says in the name of R’ Meir: From one direction, it is not an unavoidable accident; from two directions, it is an unavoidable accident. A brigand is an unavoidable accident. A lion, a bear, a leopard, a bardelas, or a snake is an unavoidable accident. When? When they came of themselves. But if he led them to a place [frequented by] bands of beasts or brigands, it is not an unavoidable accident.

[If] it died naturally, it is an unavoidable accident; [if] he afflicted it, and it died, it is not an unavoidable accident.  [If] it ascended steep mountaintops and fell, it is an unavoidable accident; [if] he took it up to steep mountaintops, and it fell and died, it is not an unavoidable accident.  An unpaid shomer may stipulate to be exempt from an oath; a borrower, to be exempt from paying; [and] a paid shomer and a renter, to be exempt from an oath or from paying.

[If] anyone stipulates contrary to Biblical law, his stipulation is void. Any stipulation which is preceded by the action —- his stipulation is void. Anything that is possible to fulfill at the end, and he stipulated concerning it in the beginning —- his stipulation is valid.

[If] one borrowed a cow and borrowed [the service of] its owner along with it, or hired its owner along with it, [or] he bor-rowed [the service of] the owner or hired him and afterwards borrowed the cow, and it died —- he is exempt, as it is said (Exodus 22:14): “If its owner is with him, he need not pay.” But [if] he borrowed the cow and afterwards borrowed [the ser-vice of] the owner or hired him, and it died —- he is liable, as it is said (Exodus 22:13): “[If] its owner is not with him, he shall surely pay.”

[If] one borrowed a cow, [and] he [either] borrowed it for half a day and hired it for half a day, [or] borrowed it for one day and hired it for the next day, [or] he hired one and borrowed one, and it died —- the lender claims [that] the borrowed one died, [or that] it died on the day it was borrowed, [or that] it died during the hour that it was borrowed; while the other one says [that] he does not know, he is liable. [If] the renter claims [that] the hired one died, [or that] it died on the day it was hired, [or that] it died during the hour it was hired; while the other one says [that] he does not know, he is exempt. [If] this one claims [it was] the borrowed one, and this one claims [it was] the hired one, the renter swears that the hired one died. [If] this one says he does not know, and this one says he does not know, they divide.

[If] one borrowed a cow and he sent it to him through his son, through his slave, through his agent, or through the son, slave, or agent of the borrower, and it died —- he is exempt. [If] the borrower said to him: “Send it to me through my son,” “through my slave,” “through my agent,” or “through your son,” “through your slave,” [or] “through your agent”; or the lender said to him: “I am sending it to you through my son,” “through my slave,” [or] “through my agent,” or “through your son,” “through your slave,” [or] “through your agent,” and the borrower replied: “Send [it],” and he sent it and it died —- he is liable. So [it is] at the time he returns it.

[If] one exchanges a cow for a donkey and it calves; and similarly [if] one sells his maidservant and she gives birth —- this one says: “[It happened] before I sold,” while this one says: “[It happened] after I bought,” they divide. [If] he had two slaves, one large and one small; and similarly, [if he had] two fields, one large and one small; the buyer claims he bought the large one, while the other one says [that] he does not know, he receives the large one. [If] the seller says he sold the small one, while the other one claims he does not know, he receives only the small one. [If] this one claims [it was] the large one, while this one claims [it was] the small one, the seller must swear that he sold the small one. [If] both say they do not know, they divide.

[If] one sells his olive trees for the wood, and they produced less than a quarter-log per seah, these belong to the owner of the olive trees. [If] they produced a quarter-log per seah, [and] this one claims: “My olive trees produced [it],” while this one claims: “My land produced [it],” they divide. [If] a river washed away his olive trees and placed them in the midst of his neighbor’s field, [and] this one claims: “My olive trees produced [them],” while this one claims: “My land produced [them],” they divide.

[If] one rents a house to his neighbor, he cannot evict him in the winter, from Succos until Pesach; [unless he gives him no-tice] in the summer, thirty days. In big cities, both in summer and winter, [he must give] twelve-months [notice]. With stores, both in towns and cities, [he must give] twelve-months [notice]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: [With] bakeries or dye shops, [he must give] three-years [notice].

[If] one rents a house to another, the landlord must provide the door, the bolt, the lock, and everything that is the work of a craftsman. But anything that is not the work of a craftsman, the tenant must make [for himself].  Manure belongs to the landlord, and the tenant has nothing but the refuse of the oven or the double stove.