[If] a bull gores a man, and he dies —- [if the bull is] a muad, [its owner] pays ransom; if a tam, he is exempt from ransom. Both are liable to death. The same applies to a male child and the same applies to a female child. [If] it gores a male slave or a female slave, [its owner] pays thirty selaim, whether it was worth a maneh or whether it was worth no more than one dinar.

[If] a bull was rubbing itself against a wall, and it fell upon a man; [or if] it aimed to kill a beast and killed a man; a gentile, and killed a Jew; [or] nonviable infants, and killed a viable child —- it is exempt.

A bull of a woman, a bull of orphans, a bull of an administrator, a bull of the wilderness, a bull consecrated to the Temple, a bull of a proselyte who died and left no heirs —- these are liable to death. R' Yehudah says: A bull of the wilderness, a bull consecrated to the Temple, [and] a bull of a proselyte who died are exempt from death, since they have no owners.

[If] a bull was condemned to be stoned, and its owner consecrated it, it is not consecrated; [if] he slaughtered it, its flesh is prohibited. If, before its sentence was passed, its owner consecrated it, it is consecrated; if he slaughtered it, its flesh is per-missible.

[If] he gave it over to an unpaid guardian, to a borrower, to a paid guardian, or to a renter —- [the latter] is responsible in lieu of the owner: [for] a muad, he pays the full damages; [for] a tam, he pays half the damages.  [If] its owner tied it with a rein, or locked [the stall] before it properly, and it went out and damaged, whether it is a tam or a muad, he is liable; [these are] the words of R' Meir. R' Yehudah says: [The owner of] a tam is liable; [the owner of] a muad is exempt, as it is said (Exodus 21:36): and its owner does not watch it, and this one is watched. R' Eliezer says: No guarding it is sufficient except the knife.

[If] a bull gores a cow and its fetus is found at its side, and it is not known whether it gave birth before it was gored, [or] whether it gave birth after it was gored, [the owner of the bull] pays for half the damage [done] to the cow and for one-fourth of the damage [done] to the young.  Likewise, [if] a cow gores a bull and its young is found at its side, and it is not known whether it gored before it gave birth or whether it gored after it had given birth, [the owner of the cow] pays half the damages from the cow or a fourth of the damages from the young.

[If] a potter brings his pots into another's yard without permission, and the other person's animal breaks them, he is exempt; if it is injured by them, the owner of the pots is liable. If he brings [them] in with permission, the owner of the yard is liable.  [If] one brings his produce into another's yard without permission, and the other person's animal eats them, he is exempt; if it is injured by them, the owner of the produce is liable. If he brings [them] in with permission, the owner of the yard is liable.

[If] one brings his bull into another's yard with-out permission, and the other person's bull gores it, or the other person's dog bites it, he is exempt. [If] it gores the other person's bull, [the owner of the goring bull] is liable. [If] it falls into his pit and makes its water foul, he is liable. [If] his father or his son was in it, he pays ransom. But if he brings [it] in with permission, the owner of the yard is liable.  Rabbi says: In no case is he liable unless he accepts to watch.

[If] a bull aims for another bull and strikes a woman, causing her to abort, [its owner] is exempt from [paying] the value of the fetus. But [if] a person aims for another person and strikes a woman, causing her to abort, he pays the value of the fetus.  How does one pay the value of the fetus? We appraise how much the woman was worth before giving birth and how much she is worth since she gave birth. Said Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: If so, when the woman gives birth, she increases in value! Ra-ther, we appraise how much the fetus was worth, and he gives [it] to the husband; if she has no husband, he gives [it] to his heirs. [If] she had been a slave who was freed, or a proselyte, he is exempt.

[If] one digs a pit in a private domain and opens it into a public domain, or [if he digs it] in a public domain and opens it into a private domain, [or if he digs it] in a private domain and opens it into another private domain, he is liable.  [If] one digs a pit in a public domain, and a bull or a donkey falls into it and dies, he is liable. Whether one digs a pit, a trench, a cave, quad-rangular pits, or wedge-like ditches, he is liable. If so, why is pit stated? [To teach us that] just as a pit is deep enough to cause death —- [being] ten handbreadths, so is everything that is deep enough to bring about death —- [being] ten handbreadths. [If] they are less than ten handbreadths [deep], and a bull or a donkey fell into it and died, he is exempt; if it is injured, he is liable.

[If] a pit belongs to two partners [and] the first one passes by it and does not cover it, and the second one [passes by] and does not cover it, the second one is liable. [If] the first one covers it, and the second one comes and finds it uncovered and does not cover it, the second one is liable.  [If] he covers it properly, and a bull or a donkey falls into it and dies, he is exempt. [If] he does not cover it properly, and a bull or a donkey falls into it and dies, he is liable.  [If] it fell forward because of the sound of digging, he is liable; backward because of the sound of digging, he is exempt.  [If] an ox with its trapping falls into it and they break, or a donkey with its trappings and they tear, he is liable for the animal, but exempt for the trappings.  [If] a bull that was deaf, foolish, or young falls into it, he is liable; a male child or a female child, a male slave or a female slave, he is exempt.