In what way is regel [considered] muad? To break as it walks. The animal is muad to walk in its usual manner and break.  [If] it was kicking, or [if] pebbles were flying from under its feet, and it broke vessels, he pays half the damages. [If] it stepped on a vessel and broke it, and it fell on a vessel and broke it, for the first one he pays the full damages, and for the second one he pays half the damages.  Fowl are considered muadin to walk in their usual manner and break. [If] a thread was tied to its feet, or [if] it was jumping, and it broke vessels, he pays half the damages.

In what way is shen [considered] muad? To eat what is fit for it. The animal is muad to eat fruits and vegetables. [If] it ate gar-ments or vessels, he pays half the damages. In what [regard] were these words said? On the premises of the damagee; but in a public domain, he is exempt. If it benefited, he pays [for] what it benefited.  How does he pay [for] what it benefited? [If] it ate from the middle of the street, he pays for what it benefited; from the sides of the street, he pays for what it damaged. From the entrance of a store, he pays for what it benefited; from inside the store, he pays for what it damaged.

[If] a dog or a kid jumped off the top of a roof and broke vessels, [its owner] pays the full damages because they are muadin.  [If] a dog took a cake and went to a stack of grain, ate the cake and ignited the stack of grain —- for the cake, [its owner] pays the full damages; for the stack of grain, he pays half the damages.

Which is tam and which is muad? A muad is anyone that was warned three days; a tam —- when it refrains [from goring] for three days. [These are] the words of R' Yehudah. R' Meir says: A muad is one that was warned three times; a tam —- any one that the children touch and it does not gore.

The bull that damages [while] on the premises of the damagee —- how is that? [If] it gored, pushed, bit, lay down, or kicked, in a public domain, he pays half the damages; on the premises of the damagee —- R' Tarfon says: The full damages. The Sages, however, say: Half the damages.  R' Tarfon said to them: Seeing that where [the Torah] was lenient regarding shen and regel [viz.] in the public domain, that exemption be granted, it [nevertheless] dealt stringently regarding them in the premises of the damagee, that the full damages be paid —- where [the Torah] dealt stringently with keren [viz.] in the public domain, that half the damages be paid, is not right that we should deal stringently with it in the premises of the damagee, that the full damages be paid?  They said to him: It is enough for the inferred law to be [as strict] as that from which it is inferred: Just as in the public domain half the damages [must be paid], so [must] half the damages [be paid] in the premises of the damagee.  He said to them: I will not derive keren from keren; I will derive keren from regel: Seeing that where [the Torah] dealt leniently regarding shen and regel [viz.] in the public domain, it dealt stringently regarding keren —- where [the Torah] dealt stringently with shen and regel, [viz.] in the premises of the damagee, is it not right that we should deal stringently with keren?  They said to him: It is enough for the inferred law to be [as strict] as that from which it is inferred: Just as in the public domain half the damages [must be paid], so [must] half the damages [be paid] in the premises of the damagee.

Man is always muad, whether unintentionally or intentionally, whether awake or asleep. [If] he blinded another's eye or broke vessels, he pays the full damages.

[If] one leaves a jug in a public domain, and someone else comes along and stumbles over it and breaks it, he is exempt. If he is injured by it, the owner of the jug is liable for his injury.  [If] one's jug broke in a public domain, and someone slipped on the water or was hurt by the shards, he is liable. R' Yehudah says: If he intended, he is liable; if he did not intend, he is exempt.

[If] one spills water in a public domain, and someone else is injured by it, he is liable for his injury.  [If] one hides thorns or glass, or [if] one makes a fence of thorns, or a fence that fell into a public domain, and others are injured by them, he is liable for their injury.

[If] one puts out his straw or his stubble into a public domain to [become] fertilizer, and someone else is injured by it, he is lia-ble for his injury; and whoever seizes it first acquires [it]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: All who litter the public domain and cause damage are liable to pay; and whoever seizes them first acquires [them].  [If] one turns over dung in a public domain, and someone else is injured by it, he is liable for his injury.

[If] two potters were walking, one after the other, and the first one stumbled and fell, and the second one stumbled over the first one, the first one is liable for the injuries of the second one.

[If] one came with his jug and another came with his beam, [and] this one's jug broke on that one's beam, he is exempt, since this one has the right to walk and that one has the right to walk.  [If] the owner of the beam was first and the owner of the jug second, [and] the jug broke on the beam, the owner of the beam is exempt; but if the owner of the beam stopped, he is li-able. If, however, he said to the owner of the jug: “Stop!”, he is exempt.  [If] the owner of the jug was first and the owner of the beam second, [and] the jug broke on the beam, he is liable; but if the owner of the jug stopped, he is exempt. If, however, he said to the owner of the beam, “Stop!”, he is liable.  The same applies if one comes with his candle, and this one with his flax.

[If] two were going in a public domain —- one was running and one was walking, or both were running —- and they injured one another, both are exempt.

[If] one chops [wood] in a private domain and damages in a public domain; [or] in a public domain, and damages in a private domain; [or] in a private domain, and damages in another private domain —- he is liable.