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Kesuvos 4:2-5:2
Kesuvos4: 2
הַמְאָרֵס אֶת בִּתּוֹ, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, אֵרְסָהּ, וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה — כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ. הִשִּׂיאָהּ, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, הִשִּׂיאָהּ, וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה — כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל אָב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מִשֶּׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ — אֵין לְאָבִיהָ רְשׁוּת בָּהּ.
[If] a maiden was seduced, [the indemnities for] her disgrace and her impairment, as well as her fine, belong to her father, as well as the [indemnity for] pain in [the case of] a violated [maiden]. [If] she went to trial before the father died, they belong to the father; [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers; [if] the father died before she went to trial, they belong to her. [If] she went to trial before she matured, they belong to the father; [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers; [if] she matured before she went to trial, they belong to her. R’ Shimon says: If she did not collect [the payments] before the father died, they belong to her. Her handiwork and anything she found, although she did not [yet] collect [it] —- [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers.
Kesuvos4: 3
הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרָה בִתָּהּ עִמָּהּ, וְזִנְּתָה — הֲרֵי זוֹ בְּחֶנֶק. אֵין לָהּ לֹא פֶתַח בֵּית הָאָב, וְלֹא מֵאָה סֶלַע. הָיְתָה הוֹרָתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בִקְדֻשָּׁה, וְלֵדָתָהּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה — הֲרֵי זוֹ בִּסְקִילָה. אֵין לָהּ לֹא פֶתַח בֵּית הָאָב, וְלֹא מֵאָה סֶלַע. הָיְתָה הוֹרָתָהּ וְלֵדָתָהּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה — הֲרֵי הִיא כְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכָל דָּבָר. יֶשׁ לָהּ אָב, וְאֵין לָהּ פֶּתַח בֵּית הָאָב; יֶשׁ לָהּ פֶּתַח בֵּית הָאָב, וְאֵין לָהּ אָב — הֲרֵי זוֹ בִּסְקִילָה; לֹא נֶאֱמַר ,,פֶּתַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ” אֶלָּא לְמִצְוָה.
A female proselyte, whose daughter converted with her and [subsequently] committed adultery —- [the latter] is liable to strangling. Neither [the requirement to take her to] the door of the father’s house applies to her, nor the one hundred sela. [Even if] her conception had not been in holiness, but her birth [had been] in holiness, she is liable to stoning. Neither [the requirement to take her to] the door of the father’s house applies to her, nor the one hundred sela. [If both] her conception and her birth were in holiness, she is like a daughter of Israel in all respects. [If] she has a father, but she has no door of the father’s house; [or if] she has a door of the father’s house, but she has no father, she is [nevertheless] liable to stoning; the door of her father’s house was intended only as a precept.
Kesuvos4: 4
הָאָב זַכַּאי בְּבִתּוֹ בְּקִדּוּשֶׁיהָ — בְּכֶסֶף בִּשְׁטָר, וּבְבִיאָה. וְזַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ, וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ, וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּטָּהּ; וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. נִשֵֹּׂאת — יָתֵר עָלָיו הַבַּעַל שֶׁאוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. וְחַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ, בְּפִרְקוֹנָהּ, וּבִקְבוּרָתָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אֲפִלּוּ עָנִי שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי חֲלִילִים וּמְקוֹנֶנֶת.
The father has the authority over his daughter regarding her erusin —- [whether effected] by money, by document, or by relations. He has the right to her findings, her handiwork, and the absolution of her vows, and he receives her bill of divorce; but he does not enjoy the usufruct during her lifetime. [If] she married, the husband exceeds him in that he enjoys the usufruct during her lifetime. He is liable for her support, her ransom, and her burial. R’ Yehudah says: Even the poorest in Israel may not hire fewer than two flutes and a lamenting woman.
Kesuvos4: 5
לְעוֹלָם הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הָאָב עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל לְנִשּׂוּאִין. מָסַר הָאָב לִשְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל — הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל. הָלַךְ הָאָב עִם שְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, אוֹ שֶׁהָלְכוּ שְׁלוּחֵי הָאָב עִם שְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל — הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הָאָב. מָסְרוּ שְׁלוּחֵי הָאָב לִשְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל — הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל.
She is still under the authority of her father until she enters the authority of her husband at marriage. [If] the father gave [her] over to the agents of the husband, she is in the authority of the husband. [If] the father went along with the husband’s agents, or [if] the father’s agents went along with the husband’s agents, she is [still] in the authority of the father. [If] the father’s agents gave her over to the husband’s agents, she is in the authority of the husband.
Kesuvos4: 6
הָאָב אֵינוֹ חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹת בִּתּוֹ. זֶה מִדְרָשׁ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה: ,,הַבָּנִים יִירְשׁוּ, וְהַבָּנוֹת יִזּוֹנוּ”. מָה הַבָּנִים אֵינָן יוֹרְשִׁין אֶלָּא לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָאָב, אַף הַבָּנוֹת אֵינָן נִזּוֹנוֹת אֶלָּא לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן.
The father is not liable for his daughter’s support. This exposition did R’ Elazar ben Azariah expound before the Sages in the academy in Yavneh: “The sons will inherit, and the daughters will be sustained.” Just as the sons inherit only after the father’s death, so are the daughters supported only after their father’s death.
Kesuvos4: 7
ֹא כָתַב לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה — בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם, וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין. כָּתַב לָהּ שָׂדֶה שָׁוָה מָנֶה תַּחַת מָאתַיִם זוּז, וְלֹא כָתַב לָהּ: ,,כָּל נִכְסִים דְּאִית לִי אַחֲרָאִין לִכְתֻבָּתִיךְ” — חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין.
[If] he did not write a kesubah for her, a virgin collects two hundred [zuz], and a widow one hundred, because it is a condition established by the court. [If] he assigned to her in writing a field worth a hundred in lieu of the two hundred zuz, and he did not write to her: “All properties that I own are surety for your kesubah,” he is [nevertheless] liable, since it is a condition established by the court.
Kesuvos4: 8
לֹא כָתַב לָהּ: ,,אִם תִּשְׁתְּבַאי, אֶפְרְקִינָךְ וְאוֹתְבִינָךְ לִי לְאִנְתּוּ”, וּבְכֹהֶנֶת, ,,אַהְדְּרִינָךְ לִמְדִינְתִָךְ” — חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין.
[If] he did not write for her: “If you are captured, I will ransom you and keep you for me as a wife,” or —- in the case of a Kohen’s wife —- “I will bring you back to your city,” he is [nevertheless] liable, since it is a condition established by the court.
Kesuvos4: 9
נִשְׁבֵּית — חַיָּב לִפְדּוֹתָהּ. וְאִם אָמַר: ,,הֲרֵי גִטָּהּ וּכְתֻבָּתָהּ; תִּפְדֶּה אֶת עַצְמָהּ” — אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי. לָקְתָה — חַיָּב לְרַפּאוֹתָהּ. אָמַר: ,,הֲרֵי גִטָּהּ וּכְתֻבָּתָהּ; תְּרַפֵּא אֶת עַצְמָהּ» — רַשַּׁאי.
[If] she was captured, he is obliged to ransom her. If he said: “Here are her bill of divorce and her kesubah; let her ransom herself” —- he is not allowed [to do so]. [If] she became ill, he is liable for her healing. [If] he said: “Here are her bill of divorce and her kesubah; let her heal herself” —- he is allowed [to do so].
Kesuvos4: 10
לֹא כָתַב לָהּ: ,,בְּנִין דִּכְרִין דְּיֶהֱווּ לִיכִי מִנַּאי אִינוּן יִרְתוּן כְּסַף כְּתֻבְּתִיךְ יָתֵר עַל חוּלְקֵיהוֹן דְּעִם אֲחֵיהוֹן” — חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין.
[If] he did not write for her: “Sons that you will have from me —- they will inherit the money of your kesubah above what they share with their brothers,” he is [nevertheless] liable, since it is a condition established by the court.
Kesuvos4: 11
],,בְּנָן נוּקְבָן דְּיֶהֶוְיָן לִיכִי מִנַּאי יֶהֶוְיָן יָתְבָן בְּבֵיתִי וּמִתַּזְנָן מִנִּכְסַי עַד דְּתִנַּסְבָן לְגוּבְרִין” — חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין.
[If he did not write:] “Daughters that you will have from me shall live in my house and be supported from my property until they are married,” he is [nevertheless] liable, since it is a condition established by the court.
Kesuvos4: 12
,,אַתְּ תְּהֵא יָתְבָא בְּבֵיתִי וּמִתַּזְנָא מִנִּכְסַי כָּל יְמֵי מִגַּד אַלְמְנוּתִיךְ בְּבֵיתִי” — חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין. כָּךְ הָיוּ אַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם כּוֹתְבִין. אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין כְּאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם. אַנְשֵׁי יְהוּדָה הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין: ,,עַד שֶׁיִּרְצוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין לִתֵּן לִיךְ כְּתֻבְּתִיךְ”. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם רָצוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין — נוֹתְנִין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ וּפוֹטְרִין אוֹתָהּ.
[If he did not write:] “You shall live in my house and be supported from my property all the days of the duration of your widowhood in my house,” he is [nevertheless] liable, since it is a condition established by the court. In this manner, the people of Jerusalem used to write. The people of Galilee used to write like the people of Jerusalem. The people of Judea used to write: “until the heirs wish to give you your kesubah.” Therefore, if the heirs so desired, they may give her her kesubah and dismiss her.
Kesuvos5: 1
אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ: בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, אִם רָצָה לְהוֹסִיף, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה מָנֶה — יוֹסִיף. נִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, בֵּין מִן הָאֵרוּסִין בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל; מִן הָאֵרוּסִין — בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, שֶׁלֹּא כָתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכָנְסָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אִם רָצָה — כּוֹתֵב לִבְתוּלָה שְׁטָר שֶׁל מָאתַיִם, וְהִיא כוֹתֶבֶת: ,,הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָנֶה”; וּלְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, וְהִיא כוֹתֶבֶת: ,,הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז”. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: כָּל הַפּוֹחֵת לִבְתוּלָה מִמָּאתַיִם וּלְאַלְמָנָה מִמָּנֶה — הֲרֵי זוֹ בְּעִילַת זְנוּת.
Although they said: A virgin collects two hundred [zuz] and a widow [collects] a hundred, if he wishes to add even ten thousand zuz, he may add. [If] she became widowed or divorced either after erusin or after nisuin, she collects all. R’ Elazar ben Azariah says: After nisuin, she collects all; after erusin, a virgin collects two hundred [zuz] and a widow a hundred, because he wrote [it] for her only on the condition of marrying her. R’ Yehudah says: If he wishes, he may write for a virgin a contract of two hundred [zuz], and she writes: “I have received from you a hundred”; and for a widow a hundred, and she writes: “I have received from you fifty zuz.” R’ Meir says: Anyone who undertakes to give a virgin less than two hundred or a widow [less] than a hundred, [their intimacy] is an illicit intimacy.
Kesuvos5: 2
נוֹתְנִין לִבְתוּלָה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ מִשֶּׁתְּבָעָהּ הַבַּעַל, לְפַרְנֵס אֶת עַצְמָהּ. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין לָאִשָּׁה, כָּךְ נוֹתְנִין לָאִישׁ לְפַרְנֵס אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וּלְאַלְמָנָה שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הִגִּיעַ זְמַן וְלֹא נִשְּׂאוּ — אוֹכְלוֹת מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וְאוֹכְלוֹת בִּתְרוּמָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: נוֹתְנִין לָהּ הַכֹּל תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: מֶחֱצָה חֻלִּין וּמֶחֱצָה תְּרוּמָה.
A virgin is given twelve months from the time her husband has asked her, to provide herself. And just as a woman is given, so is a man given to provide himself. A widow [is given] thirty days. If the time arrived and they were not married, they eat of his [food], and they may eat of terumah. R’ Tarfon says: She is given all [of it from] terumah. R’ Akiva says: Half ordinary food and half terumah.
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