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Kesuvos 2:9-4:1
Kesuvos2: 9
הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּחְבְּשָׁה בִידֵי גוֹיִם, עַל יְדֵי מָמוֹן — מֻתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ; עַל יְדֵי נְפָשׁוֹת — אֲסוּרָה לְבַעְלָהּ. עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְכּוֹם — כָּל כֹּהֲנוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְתוֹכָהּ פְּסוּלוֹת. וְאִם יֵשׁ לָהֶן עֵדִים — אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה — הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין. וְאֵין אָדָם נֶאֱמָן עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶּן הַקַּצָּב: הַמָּעוֹן הַזֶּה! לֹא זָזָה יָדָהּ מִתּוֹךְ יָדִי מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ גוֹיִם לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְעַד שֶׁיָּצָאוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אֵין אָדָם מֵעִיד עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ.
A woman who was imprisoned by gentiles: if because of money —- is permitted to her husband; [but if it was] for the purpose of [taking her] life, she is prohibited to her husband. A city that was conquered by a besieging troop —- all Kohanim’s wives found therein are unfit. But if they have witnesses —- even a slave, even a maidservant —- these are believed. A person is not believed about himself. Said R’ Zechariah ben HaKatzav: [By] this Temple! Her hand did not move out of my hand from the time the gentiles entered Jerusalem until they left. They said to him: A person cannot testify for himself.
Kesuvos2: 10
וְאֵלּוּנֶאֱמָנִין לְהָעִיד בְּגָדְלָן מַה שֶּׁרָאוּ בְּקָטְנָן: נֶאֱמָן אָדָם לוֹמַר: ,,זֶה כְּתָב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא”, וְ,,זֶה כְּתָב יָדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי”, וְ,,זֶה כְּתָב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אָחִי”; ,,זָכוּר הָיִיתִי בִּפְלוֹנִית, שֶׁיָּצְתָה בְהִינוּמָא וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ”; וְ,,שֶׁהָיָה אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי יוֹצֵא מִבֵּית הַסֵּפֶר לִטְבֹּל לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה”, וְ,,שֶׁהָיָה חוֹלֵק עִמָּנוּ עַל הַגֹּרֶן”; וְ,,הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה בֵּית הַפְּרָס”; וְ,,עַד כָּאן הָיִינוּ בָּאִין בַּשַּׁבָּת”. אֲבָל אֵין אָדָם נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר: ,,דֶּרֶךְ הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה”; ,,מַעֲמָד וּמִסְפֵּד הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה”.
And [in] these [cases, people] are believed to testify —- when they are of age —- about what they saw when they were minors: A person is believed to say: “This is my father’s handwriting,” and “This is my teacher’s handwriting,” and “This is my brother’s handwriting”; “I remember so-and-so, that she went out with a veil and with her hair untied”; and “that so-and-so went out of school to immerse himself in order to eat terumah,” and “that he shared with us on the threshing floor”; and “This place is a beis haperas”; and “Until here we used to go on the Sabbath.” But a person is not believed to say, “So-and-so had a right of way in this place”; “So-and-so had a stopping spot and a eulogizing spot in this place.”
Kesuvos3: 1
אֵלּוּ נְעָרוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס: הַבָּא עַל הַמַּמְזֶרֶת, וְעַל הַנְּתִינָה, וְעַל הַכּוּתִית; הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. הַבָּא עַל אֲחוֹתוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אָבִיו, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וְעַל הַנִּדָּה — יֵשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן בְּהִכָּרֵת, אֵין בָּהֶן מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין.
These are maidens who are entitled to a fine: one who is intimate with a mamzeress, a Nesinite, or a Cuthean; [likewise,] one who is intimate with a proselyte, a captive, or a slave, who were ransomed, converted, or emancipated under the age of three years and one day. [If] one is intimate with his sister, his father’s sister, his mother’s sister, his wife’s sister, his brother’s wife, his father’s brother’s wife, or with a menstruant —- they are entitled to the fine. Although they are liable to kares, they are not liable to the death penalty inflicted by the court.
Kesuvos3: 2
וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן קְנָס: הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ יְתֵרוֹת עַל בְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁנִּפְדֵּית הֲרֵי הִיא בִקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּדוֹלָה. הַבָּא עַל בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנוֹ, עַל בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנָהּ, עַל בַּת בִּתָּהּ — אֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שֶׁמִּיתָתוֹ בִּידֵי בֵית דִּין; וְכָל הַמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן — עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ».
And these are not entitled to the fine: one who is intimate with a proselyte, a captive, or a slave, who were ransomed, converted, or emancipated above the age of three years and one day. R’ Yehudah says: A captive who was ransomed is still considered in her state of piety, even if she is of age. [If] one is intimate with his daughter, his daughter’s daughter, his son’s daughter, his wife’s daughter, her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter —- they are not entitled to the fine because he is liable for his life, for his death penalty is in the hands of the court; and anyone who is liable for his life does not pay money, for it is said, If there is no fatal injury, then he shall be punished (Exodus 21:22).
Kesuvos3: 3
נַעֲרָה שֶׁנִּתְאָרְסָה וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה — רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: אֵין לָהּ קְנָס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: יֶשׁ לָהּ קְנָס, וּקְנָסָהּ לְעַצְמָהּ.
A maiden who was betrothed and [then] divorced —- R’ Yose the Galilean says: She is not entitled to the fine. R’ Akiva says: She is entitled to the fine, and her fine belongs to her.
Kesuvos3: 4
הַמְפַתֶּה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים, וְהָאוֹנֵס אַרְבָּעָה. הַמְפַתֶּה נוֹתֵן בֹּשֶׁת, וּפְגָם, וּקְנָס; מוֹסִיף עָלָיו אוֹנֵס שֶׁנּוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר. מַה בֵּין אוֹנֵס לַמְפַתֶּה? הָאוֹנֵס נוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר, וְהַמְפַתֶּה אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר; הָאוֹנֵס נוֹתֵן מִיָּד, וְהַמְפַתֶּה לִכְשֶׁיּוֹצִיא; הָאוֹנֵס שׁוֹתֶה בַעֲצִיצוֹ, וְהַמְפַתֶּה — אִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, מוֹצִיא.
A maiden who was betrothed and [then] divorced —- R’ Yose the Galilean says: She is not entitled to the fine. R’ Akiva says: She is entitled to the fine, and her fine belongs to her.
Kesuvos3: 5
כֵּיצַד שׁוֹתֶה בַעֲצִיצוֹ? אֲפִלּוּ הִיא חִגֶּרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ הִיא סוּמָא, וַאֲפִלּוּ הִיא מֻכַּת שְׁחִין. נִמְצָא בָהּ דְּבַר עֶרְוָה, אוֹ שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל — אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַיְּמָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה” — אִשָּׁה הָרְאוּיָה לוֹ.
How does he drink out of his pot? [By marrying her] even if she is lame, blind, or a leper. [If] it was found that she had an affair of unchastity [however], or if she was unfit to marry a Jew, he is not permitted to keep her, for it is said (Deuteronomy 22:29): and she shall become his wife, [implying] a wife who is fit for him.
Kesuvos3: 6
יְתוֹמָה שֶׁנִּתְאָרְסָה וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה — רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: הַמְפַתֶּה פָּטוּר, וְהָאוֹנֵס חַיָּב.
An orphan [or one] who was betrothed and [then] divorced —- R’ Elazar says: One who seduces her is exempt, but one who violates her is liable.
Kesuvos3: 7
אֵיזוֹהִי בֹשֶׁת? הַכֹּל לְפִי הַמְבַיֵּשׁ וְהַמִּתְבַּיֵּשׁ. פְּגָם — רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא שִׁפְחָה נִמְכֶּרֶת: כַּמָּה הָיְתָה יָפָה וְכַמָּה הִיא יָפָה. קְנָס, שָׁוֶה בְכָל אָדָם. וְכָל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ קִצְבָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה— שָׁוֶה בְכָל אָדָם.
What is [the compensation for] disgrace? All depends upon [the status of] the one who disgraced and the one who was disgraced. [As to] impairment, we regard her as if she were a slave-woman who was to be sold —- how much she was worth and how much she is worth. The fine is uniform with everyone. And every [monetary obligation] that has a fixed amount [set] by the Torah is uniform with everyone.
Kesuvos3: 8
כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ מֶכֶר — אֵין קְנָס, וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ קְנָס — אֵין מֶכֶר. קְטַנָּה — יֶשׁ לָהּ מֶכֶר, וְאֵין לָהּ קְנָס; נַעֲרָה — יֶשׁ לָהּ קְנָס, וְאֵין לָהּ מֶכֶר. הַבּוֹגֶרֶת — אֵין לָהּ לֹא מֶכֶר וְלֹא קְנָס.
Wherever there is a [right of] sale, there is no fine [imposed], and wherever there is a fine [imposed], there is no [right of] sale. A minor is subject to [the right of] sale, and she is not entitled to a fine; a maiden is entitled to a fine, and [the right of] sale does not [apply] to her. A mature girl is neither subject to [the right of] sale nor is she entitled to a fine.
Kesuvos3: 9
הָאוֹמֵר: ,,פִּתִּיתִי אֶת בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי” — מְשַׁלֵּם בֹּשֶׁת וּפְגָם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם קְנָס. הָאוֹמֵר: ,,גָּנַבְתִּי וְטָבַחְתִּי”, ,,וּמָכַרְתִּי” — מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל וְתַשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה. ,,הֵמִית שׁוֹרִי אֶת פְּלוֹנִי”, אוֹ ,,שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי” — הֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ. ,,הֵמִית שׁוֹרִי עַבְדּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי” — אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל: כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם יָתֵר עַל מַה שֶּׁהִזִּיק — אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ.
[If] one declares: “I have seduced so-and-so’s daughter,” he must pay for disgrace and impairment by his own admission, but he does not pay the fine. [Likewise, if] one declares: “I have stolen and I have slaughtered,” [or] “and I have sold,” he must pay the principal by his own admission, but he need not pay the double payments or the fourfold or fivefold payments. [If one declares,] “My ox has killed so-and-so,” or “so-and-so’s ox,” he must pay [the due payments] by his own admission. [If one declares,] “My ox has killed so-and-so’s slave” [however], he need not pay [the fine] by his own admission. This is the general rule: Whoever must pay more than he has damaged need not pay by his own admission.
Kesuvos4: 1
נַעֲרָה שֶׁנִּתְפַּתְּתָה — בָּשְׁתָּהּ וּפְגָמָהּ, וּקְנָסָהּ, שֶׁל אָבִיהָ, וְהַצַּעַר בִּתְפוּסָה. עָמְדָה בַדִּין עַד שֶׁלֹּא מֵת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אָב; מֵת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין; לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לַעֲמֹד בַּדִּין עַד שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. עָמְדָה בַדִּין עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אָב; מֵת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין; לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לַעֲמֹד בַּדִּין עַד שֶׁבָּגְרָה — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אִם לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לִגְבּוֹת עַד שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וּמְצִיאָתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא גָבְתָה, מֵת הָאָב — הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין.
[If] a maiden was seduced, [the indemnities for] her disgrace and her impairment, as well as her fine, belong to her father, as well as the [indemnity for] pain in [the case of] a violated [maiden]. [If] she went to trial before the father died, they belong to the father; [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers; [if] the father died before she went to trial, they belong to her. [If] she went to trial before she matured, they belong to the father; [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers; [if] she matured before she went to trial, they belong to her. R’ Shimon says: If she did not collect [the payments] before the father died, they belong to her. Her handiwork and anything she found, although she did not [yet] collect [it] —- [if] the father died, they belong to the brothers.
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