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Pesachim 4:3-5:5
Pesachim4: 3
מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִמְכּוֹר בְּהֵמָה דַקָּה לְעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים — מוֹכְרִין; מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִמְכּוֹר — אֵין מוֹכְרִין. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, עֲגָלִים וּסְיָחִים, שְׁלֵמִים וּשְׁבוּרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בַּשְּׁבוּרָה; בֶּן בְּתֵירָה מַתִּיר בַּסּוּס.
Where it is customary to sell small livestock to Gentiles, we may sell; where it is customary not to sell, we may not sell; but in all places we may not sell them large livestock, calves or foals, healthy or maimed. R' Yehudah permits [selling] in the case of a maimed one. Ben Beseira permits [selling] in the case of a horse.
Pesachim4: 4
מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לֶאֱכוֹל צָלִי בְּלֵילֵי פְסָחִים — אוֹכְלִין; מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכוֹל — אֵין אוֹכְלִין. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַדְלִיק אֶת הַנֵּר בְּלֵילֵי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים — מַדְלִיקִין; מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לְהַדְלִיק — אֵין מַדְלִיקִין. וּמַדְלִיקִין בְּבָתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת וּבְבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת, וּבִמְבוֹאוֹת הָאֲפֵלִים, וְעַל גַּבֵּי הַחוֹלִים.
Where it is customary to eat roast [meat] on the nights of Pesach, we may eat [it]; where it is customary not to eat [roast], we may not eat [it]. Where it is customary to light [lamps] on the nights of Yom Kippur, we may light [them]; where it is customary not to light [them], we may not light [them]. But [in all places] we light [lamps] in synagogues, houses of study, dark alleys, and for the sick.
Pesachim4: 5
מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּתִשְׁעָה בְאָב — עוֹשִׂין; מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה — אֵין עוֹשִׂין. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים בְּטֵלִים. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָם יַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם עַצְמוֹ תַּלְמִיד חָכָם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: בִּיהוּדָה הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין מְלָאכָה בְעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים עַד חֲצוֹת, וּבַגָּלִיל לֹא הָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כָּל עִקָּר. הַלַּיְלָה — בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹסְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין עַד הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה.
where it is customary to do work on the Ninth of Av, we may do [it]; where it is customary not to do work, we may not do [it]; but in all places scholars are idle. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: A man should always adopt the behavior of a scholar. But the Sages say: In Judea they used to do work on the eve of Pesach until midday, while in Galilee they did no [work], at all. [As for] the night, Beis Shammai forbid [work], while Beis Hillel permit it until sunrise.
Pesachim4: 6
רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ קֹדֶם לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר — גּוֹמְרָהּ בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר; אֲבָל לֹא יַתְחִיל בָּהּ בַּתְּחִלָּה בְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְגָמְרָהּ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: שָׁלֹשׁ אֻמָּנֻיּוֹת עוֹשִׂין מְלָאכָה בְעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים עַד חֲצוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: הַחַיָּטִים, וְהַסַּפָּרִים, וְהַכּוֹבְסִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף הָרַצְעָנִים.
R' Meir says: Any work which one began before the fourteenth, he may finish on the fourteenth; but he may not begin it initially on the fourteenth, even if he can finish it [before midday]. But the Sages say: [Practitioners of] three crafts may work on the eve of Pesach until midday; they are tailors, barbers, and launderers. R' Yose bar Yehudah says: Also shoemakers.
Pesachim4: 7
מוֹשִׁיבִין שׁוֹבָכִין לַתַּרְנְגוֹלִים בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר. וְתַרְנְגוֹלֶת שֶׁבָּרְחָה — מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתָהּ לִמְקוֹמָהּ; וְאִם מֵתָה — מוֹשִׁיבִין אַחֶרֶת תַּחְתֶּיהָ. גּוֹרְפִין מִתַּחַת רַגְלֵי בְהֵמָה בְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, וּבַמּוֹעֵד מְסַלְּקִין לַצְּדָדִין. מוֹלִיכִין וּמְבִיאִין כֵּלִים מִבֵּית הָאֻמָּן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם לְצֹרֶךְ הַמּוֹעֵד.
We may set up coops for chickens on the fourteenth. [If] a [brooding] hen escaped, we may return her to her place; if she died, we may set another in her stead. We may sweep away from under an animal's feet on the fourteenth, but on the festival we may [only] clear it away to the sides [of the stall]. We may take utensils to, and bring them [back] from, the house of a craftsman, even though they are not needed for the festival.
Pesachim4: 8
שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים עָשׂוּ אַנְשֵׁי יְרִיחוֹ, עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה מִחוּ בְיָדָם, וְעַל שְׁלֹשָׁה לֹא מִחוּ בְיָדָם. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שֶׁלֹּא מִחוּ בְיָדָם: מַרְכִּיבִין דְּקָלִים כָּל הַיּוֹם, וְכוֹרְכִין אֶת שְׁמַע, וְקוֹצְרִין וְגוֹדְשִׁין לִפְנֵי הָעֹמֶר — וְלֹא מִחוּ בְיָדָם. וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁמִּחוּ בְיָדָם: מַתִּירִין גַּמְזִיּוֹת שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְאוֹכְלִין מִתַּחַת הַנְּשָׁרִים בַּשַּׁבָּת, וְנוֹתְנִין פֵּאָה לַיָּרָק — וּמִחוּ בְיָדָם חֲכָמִים.
The citizens of Jericho did six things. For three they have reproved them and for three they have not reproved them. And these are the things for which they have not reproved them: They graft palms all day [on the fourteenth of Nissan]; they “wrap” the Shema; and they reap and stack prior to the Omer, but they have not reproved them. And these are the things for which they have reproved them. They permit the branches which were sacred property [for personal use]; they eat the fallen fruit from beneath [the tree] on the Sabbath; and they give peah from vegetables, and the Sages have reproved them.
Pesachim4: 9
שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים עָשָׂה חִזְקִיָּה הַמֶּלֶךְ. עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה הוֹדוּ לוֹ, וְעַל שְׁלֹשָׁה לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ: גֵּרַר עַצְמוֹת אָבִיו עַל מִטָּה שֶׁל חֲבָלִים — וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ; כִּתַּת נְחַשׁ הַנְּחֹשֶׁת — וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ; גָּנַז סֵפֶר רְפוּאוֹת — וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ: קִצַּץ דְּלָתוֹת שֶׁל הֵיכָל וְשִׁגְּרָן לְמֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר — וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ; סָתַם מֵי גִיחוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן — וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ; עִבַּר נִיסָן בְּנִיסָן — וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ.
King Chizkiah did six things. Concerning three they agreed with him, and concerning three they did not agree with him. He dragged the bones of his father on a bier of ropes, and they agreed with him. He crushed the brazen serpent, and they agreed with him. He hid the Book of Remedies, and they agreed with him. Concerning three they did not agree with him. He cut the doors of the Temple and sent them to the king of Assyria, but they did not agree with him. He stopped up the waters of the upper Gichon, but they did not agree with him. He intercalated Nissan in Nissan, but they did not agree with him.
Pesachim5: 1
תָּמִיד נִשְׁחָט בִּשְׁמוֹנֶה וּמֶחֱצָה, וְקָרֵב בְּתֵשַׁע וּמֶחֱצָה. בְּעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים נִשְׁחָט בְּשֶׁבַע וּמֶחֱצָה, וְקָרֵב בִּשְׁמוֹנֶה וּמֶחֱצָה — בֵּין בַּחֹל בֵּין בַּשַּׁבָּת. חָל עֶרֶב פֶּסַח לִהְיוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת — נִשְׁחָט בְּשֵׁשׁ וּמֶחֱצָה וְקָרֵב בְּשֶׁבַע וּמֶחֱצָה, וְהַפֶּסַח אַחֲרָיו.
The [afternoon] daily offering is [usually] slaughtered at eight and a half [hours], and offered at nine and a half [hours]. On the eve of Pesach it is slaughtered at seven and a half [hours], and offered at eight and a half [hours], whether it is a weekday or the Sabbath. [If] the eve of Pesach fell on the eve of the Sabbath, it is slaughtered at six and a half [hours], and offered at seven and a half [hours]. The pesach [-sacrifice is offered] after it.
Pesachim5: 2
הַפֶּסַח שֶׁשְּׁחָטוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ, וְקִבֵּל וְהִלֵּךְ וְזָרַק שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ, אוֹ לִשְׁמוֹ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ וְלִשְׁמוֹ — פָּסוּל. כֵּיצַד לִשְׁמוֹ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ? לְשֵׁם פֶּסַח וּלְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים; שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ וְלִשְׁמוֹ — לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים וּלְשֵׁם פֶּסַח.
The pesach-offering that one slaughtered for some other designation, or [the Kohen] received, transported, or threw [its blood], for some other designation, or for its own designation and [then] for some other designation, or for some other designation and [then] for its own designation, is invalid. What is an example of, “For its own designation and [then] for some other designation”? —- For the designation of a pesach-offering [first] and [then] for the designation of a peace-offering. [What is an example of,] “For some other designation and [then] for its own designation”? —- For the designation of a peace-offering and [then] for the designation of a pesach-offering.
Pesachim5: 3
שְׁחָטוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָיו, לַעֲרֵלִים וְלִטְמֵאִים — פָּסוּל. לְאוֹכְלָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו, לִמְנוּיָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָיו, לְמוּלִים וְלַעֲרֵלִים, לִטְמֵאִים וְלִטְהוֹרִים — כָּשֵׁר. שְׁחָטוֹ קֹדֶם חֲצוֹת — פָּסוּל, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם”. שְׁחָטוֹ קֹדֶם לַתָּמִיד — כָּשֵׁר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא אֶחָד מְמָרֵס בְּדָמוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק דַּם הַתָּמִיד; וְאִם נִזְרַק — כָּשֵׁר.
[If] he slaughtered it for other than those who can eat it, for other than its registrants, for uncircumcised or contaminated [persons], it is invalid.
[If he slaughtered it] for those who can eat it and for those who cannot eat it, for its registrants and for other than its registrants, for circumcised and for uncircumcised [persons], [or] for contaminated and for uncontaminated [persons], it is valid. [If] he slaughtered it before noon, it is invalid, because it is said: In the afternoon (Exodus 12:6). [If] he slaughtered it before the [afternoon] daily offering, it is valid, provided someone stirs its blood until the blood of the daily offering is thrown; yet if it was thrown, it is valid.
Pesachim5: 4
הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפֶּסַח עַל הֶחָמֵץ — עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף הַתָּמִיד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: הַפֶּסַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, לִשְׁמוֹ — חַיָּב, וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ — פָּטוּר; וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַזְּבָחִים, בֵּין לִשְׁמָן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן — פָּטוּר. וּבַמּוֹעֵד, לִשְׁמוֹ — פָּטוּר, וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ — חַיָּב; וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַזְּבָחִים, בֵּין לִשְׁמָן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן — חַיָּב, חוּץ מִן הַחַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָהּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ.
One who slaughters the pesach-offering with chametz [in his possession] is in violation of a negative command; R' Yehudah says: Also the daily offering. R' Shimon says: [If one slaughters] the pesach-offering on the fourteenth under its own designation, he is liable, but [if] under some other designation, he is not liable; and for all other sacrifices, whether [slaughtered] for their own designation or under some other designation, he is exempt.
[And if one slaughters the pesach] during the festival, under its own designation, he is exempt; under some other designation, he is liable; and for all other sacrifices, whether [slaughtered] under their own designations, or under some other designations, he is liable, except for a sin-offering which he slaughtered under some other designation.
Pesachim5: 5
הַפֶּסַח נִשְׁחָט בְּשָׁלֹשׁ כִּתּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,וְשָׁחֲטוּ אֹתוֹ כֹּל קְהַל עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל” — קָהָל וְעֵדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל. נִכְנְסָה כַּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִתְמַלֵּאת הָעֲזָרָה — נָעֲלוּ דַלְתוֹת הָעֲזָרָה, תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקְעוּ. הַכֹּהֲנִים עוֹמְדִים שׁוּרוֹת שׁוּרוֹת, וּבִידֵיהֶם בָּזִיכֵי כֶסֶף וּבָזִיכֵי זָהָב; שׁוּרָה שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ כֶּסֶף — כֶּסֶף, וְשׁוּרָה שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ זָהָב — זָהָב; לֹא הָיוּ מְעֹרָבִין. וְלֹא הָיוּ לַבָּזִיכִין שׁוּלַיִם, שֶׁמָּא יַנִּיחוּם וְיִקְרַשׁ הַדָּם.
The pesach-offering was slaughtered in three groups — for it is written: And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall slaughter it (Exodus 12:6). [The verse mentions] “assembly,” “congregation,” and “Israel.” The first group entered, [and when] the Temple Courtyard was filled, they closed the gates of the Temple Courtyard, and sounded a tekiah, a teruah, and again a tekiah. The Kohanim stood rows upon rows, and in their hands were silver bowls and golden bowls; one row was altogether of silver, the other row was altogether of gold; they were not mixed up together. Nor did the bowls have bases, lest they set them down and the blood congeal.
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