If the residents of a courtyard and the residents of a gallery forgot to make an eruv, whatever is ten fists high [belongs] to the gallery; less than that, to the courtyard. The embankment around a pit or a rock which is ten fists high [belongs] to the gallery; less than that, to the courtyard. To what do these words apply? To that which is near; but that which is at a distance, even if it is ten fists high, [belongs] to the courtyard. And what is [considered] near? Whatever is not four fists away.

If one places his eruv in a gatehouse, a colonnade or a gallery, the eruv is not valid; and one who lives there does not restrict it. In a silo, barn, woodshed or storehouse, the eruv is valid; and one who lives there restricts it. R’ Yehudah says: If the owner retains a holding there, he does not restrict him.

One who left his house and went to spend the Sabbath in another town, whether a gentile or a Jew, restricts — [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah says: He does not restrict. R’ Yose says: A gentile restricts, a Jew does not restrict, for it is un-usual for a Jew to return on the Sabbath. R’ Shimon says: Even one who left his house and went to spend the Sabbath at his daughter’s [house] in the same town does not restrict, for he has already dismissed [any thought of returning] from his mind.

If a cistern is between two courtyards, we may not draw [water] from it on the Sab-bath, unless they made a partition for it ten fists high, whether above or below, or within its walls. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Beis Shammai say below; but Beis Hillel say above. R’ Yehudah said: A partition should not be more effective than the wall that is between them.

If a canal passes through a courtyard, we may not draw [water] from it on the Sab-bath, unless they made it a partition ten fists high at the inlet and at the outlet. R’ Yehudah says: The wall over it is considered a partition. Said R’ Yehudah: It happened that [there was] a canal in Avel from which they drew [water] on the Sab-bath upon the ruling of the Sages. They answered him: Because it did not have the minimum dimensions.

If a balcony is above the water, we may not draw [water] from it on the Sabbath, unless they made a partition ten fists high for it, either from above or from below. Similarly, two balconies one above the other, if they made [a partition] for the upper one, but did not make [one] for the lower one, both are prohibited unless they make an eruv.

If a courtyard is less than four cubits we may not pour water into it on the Sabbath, unless they made it a pit which can hold two se’ah, below the opening, whether on the outside or on the inside. Except that on the outside he must cover [it, whereas] on the inside he need not cover [it].

R’ Eliezer ben Yaakov says: If a [drainage] conduit is covered for four cubits in the public domain, we may pour water into it on the Sabbath. But the Sages say: Even if [it runs along] a roof or courtyard [for] a hundred cubits, one may not pour into the opening of the conduit; but he pours from roof to roof and the water descends into the conduit. A courtyard and a colonnade combine to [total] four cubits.

Similarly, two balconies [that] are opposite one another. If some of them made a pit while others did not make a pit, those who made a pit are permitted; but those who did not make a pit are prohibited.

All the roofs of a town are one domain, provided that one roof is not ten [fists] higher or lower [than the others] — [these are] the words of R’ Meir. But the Sages say: Each is a domain for itself. R’ Shimon says: Roofs, courtyards, and karpeifos are all one domain with respect to utensils which began the Sabbath in them, but not with respect to utensils which began the Sabbath in the house.

If a large roof is adjacent to a small one, the large one is permitted but the small one is prohibited. If a large courtyard was breached into a small one, the large one is permitted but the small one is prohibited, because it is like the entrance of the large one. If a courtyard was breached into a public domain, one who brings from there into a private domain, or from a private domain into it, is liable — [these are] the words of R’ Eliezer. But the Sages say: From it into the public domain, or from the public domain into it, is not liable, because it is like a karmelis.

If a courtyard was breached into a public domain on two of its sides, or if a house was breached on two of its sides, or an alley whose crossbeams or poles were re-moved; they are permitted on that Sabbath but prohibited in the future — [these are] the words of R’ Yehudah. R’ Yose says: If they are permitted on that Sabbath, they are permitted in the future; and if they are prohibited in the future, they are prohibited on that Sabbath.