Originally, they would seize collateral from the finder until he brought its nesachim. [But] when they began abandoning it and fleeing, beis din instituted that its nesachim should come from the public [treasury].

Said R’ Shimon: Beis din instituted seven ordinances, and this is one of them. [The others are:]  [If] a Gentile sent his burnt-offering from a faraway country and sent nesachim with it, they are offered from his own; if not, they are offered from the public [treasury].  Similarly, a proselyte who died and left offerings, if he had nesachim, they are offered from his own; if not, they are offered from the public [treasury].  It is a stipulation of beis din regarding a Kohen Gadol who died that his flour-offering be brought from the public [treasury].  R’ Yehudah says: [It was purchased] with his heir’s [money].  [In this case] it was offered whole.

Regarding the salt and the wood [beis din instituted] that the Kohanim may make use of them;  regarding the [Red] Cow [they instituted] that its ashes be exempt from [the laws of] me’ilah;  and regarding [replacements for] the dis-qual-ified bird-offerings that they should come from the public [treasury].  R’ Yose says: The one who supplies the birds must supply [replacements for] the disqualified ones.

All spittle that is found in Jerusalem is [assumed to be] tahor, except for that [found] in the upper market; [these are] the words of R’ Meir.  R’ Yose says: At other times of the year, whatever [spittle] is in the middle [of the street] is [assumed to be] tamei, and whatever is on the sides is tahor. But at the time of the pilgrimage festival, whatever [spittle] is in the mid-dle [of the street] is [assumed to be] tahor, and whatever is at the sides is tamei, because, since they are a minority, they withdraw to the sides.

All the utensils that are found in Jerusalem on the path leading down to the mikveh are [assumed to be] tamei; but [those found] on the path leading up [from the mikveh] are [assumed to be] tahor, for the path of their descent is not [the path] of their ascent; [these are] the words of R’ Meir.  R’ Yose says: All are [assumed to be] tahor except for the basket, the shov-el, and the spade that are reserved for gravesites.

A knife which was found on the fourteenth [of Nissan] may be used immediately for slaughter; [but if it was found] on the thirteenth [of Nissan], he must immerse it again. And a meat cleaver, whether [found] on the thirteenth or on the four-teenth, he must immerse again; [unless] the fourteenth fell on the Sabbath, [in which case] he may slaughter with it immedi-ately; [but if it was found] on the fifteenth [of Nissan], he may slaughter with it immediately. [If] it was found tied to a knife, then it is [considered] as the knife.

[If] a curtain has been contaminated through [contact with] a secondary tumah, they immerse it within [the Temple com-plex], and they may bring it in immediately. But if it was contaminated through [contact with] a primary tumah, they im-merse it outside [the Temple complex], and they spread it out [to dry] in the Chel; If it was [a] new [curtain], they would spread it out upon the roof of the portico so that the people may see their handicraft, for it was beautiful.

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says in the name of R’ Shimon, son of the Deputy [Kohen Gadol]: The curtain was one hand-breadth thick, woven upon seventy-two threads, each thread composed of twenty-four filaments; forty cubits long and twenty cubits wide; and made of eighty-two times ten thousand.  They would make two [new curtains] every year. And three hundred Kohanim would immerse it.

Meat of the most holy offerings which became contaminated, whether through [contact with] a primary tumah or a second-ary tumah, whether inside or outside [the Temple Courtyard], Beis Shammai say: Everything should be burnt inside [the Courtyard], except that which was contaminated by a primary tumah outside.  Beis Hillel say: Everything should be burned outside, except that which was contaminated by a secondary tumah inside.

R’ Eliezer says: That which was contaminated by a primary tumah, whether inside or outside, should be burned outside; but that which was contaminated by a secondary tumah, whether inside or outside, should be burned inside.  R’ Akiva says: Wherever it became contaminated, there it is burned.

The limbs of the daily-offering were placed on the lower half of the ramp on the western side; those of the addition-al-offerings were placed on the lower half of the ramp on the eastern side; and those of [the additional-offerings of] Rosh Chodesh were placed [on the ramp] below the karkov of the altar.  The [mitzvos of] shekalim and the first fruits ap-ply only in the Temple era, but the grain tithe, the animal tithe, and [the laws regarding] the firstborn [animals] apply both in the Temple era and in the post-Temple era.  [If] one consecrates shekalim or first fruits, they are consecrated.  R’ Shimon says: [If] one consecrates first fruits, they are not consecrated.