Five things are obligated in challah: wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye. These [species] are obligated in challah, they combine with one another and they are forbidden under [the law of] chadash [to be eaten] before Pesach, and to be harvested before the omer. And if they took root before the omer, the omer renders them permitted; but if not, they are forbidden until the next omer is brought.

[If] one eats a kezayis of matzah [of these species] on Pesach, he has discharged his obligation; [if one eats] a kezayis of chametz [of these species], he is liable to kares. [If] one of these [five species of grain] was mixed with another type [of food], this [person who possesses the mixture] transgresses on Pesach.  [If] one vows [to abstain] from “bread” or from “tevuah,” he is forbidden to [eat bread made from] these [Five Species], [these are] the words of R' Meir. But the Sages say: One who vows [to abstain] from “dagan” is forbidden only to [eat] these [species].  And they are obligated in challah and in tithes.

These [items] are obligated in challah but are exempt from tithes: leket, shich'chah, pe'ah, ownerless [produce], maaser rishon whose terumah was taken, maaser sheni and hekdesh [produce] that were redeemed, the leftover of the omer, and grain which has not attained a third [of its growth]. R' Eliezer says: Grain which has not attained a third [of its growth] is exempt from challah.

These [items] are liable to tithes but are exempt from challah: rice, millet, poppy, sesame, legumes, and less than five reva'im in [the case of] grain.  Sufganin, duvshanin, iskeritin, a pan loaf, and dimua mixtures are exempt from challah.

A dough which is sufganin at its beginning and sufganin at its end is exempt from challah. [If] it was dough at its beginning and sufganin at its end, [or] sufganin at its beginning and dough at its end, it is obligated in challah. And kenuvkaos are likewise obligated [in challah].

[Regarding] a me'issah, Beis Shammai exempt [it from challah], but Beis Hillel obligate [it]. [Regarding] a chalitah, Beis Shammai obligate [it in challah], but Beis Hillel exempt [it].  [Regarding] loaves of the todah [offering], and wafers of the nazir [offering], [if] one made them for himself, [they] are exempt [from challah]. [If one made them] to sell in the marketplace, [they are] obligated [in challah].

[If] a baker made sourdough to divide, it is obligated in challah. [Regarding] women who gave a baker [flour] to make sour-dough for them, if none of their [sourdoughs] is the [minimum] amount, it is exempt from challah.

[Regarding] dough for dogs, if the shepherds eat from it, [it] is obligated in challah, we may make eruvin with it, we may make shitufei [mevo'os] with it, we recite a blessing over it, we participate in a zimun because of it, it may be made on Yom Tov, and a person can fulfill his obligation with it on Pesach.  [But] if the shepherds do not eat from it, it is not obligated in challah, we may not make eruvin with it, we may not make shitufei [mevo'os] with it, we do not recite a blessing over it, we do not participate in a zimun because of it, it may not be made on Yom Tov, and one cannot fulfill his obligation with it on Pesach.  In either case, it contracts tumah of foods.

[Regarding] challah and terumah, one is liable to death for [illegally eating] them and to [a surcharge of] a “fifth,” they are for-bidden to non-Kohanim, they are the property of the Kohen [to whom they are given], they are nullified in [a mixture of] one hundred and one [parts], they require hand-washing and sunset, they may not be taken from [produce which is] tahor on be-half of [produce which is] tamei, [and] only from that which is in [their] proximity and from something “finished.”  One who says, “My entire [crop in the] silo is terumah,” or “My entire dough is challah” has said nothing, unless he leaves over a small amount [as chullin].

In the afternoon of the last day of Yom Tov they recited the declaration. How was the declaration? “I have destroyed the holy [things] from the house”: this is maaser sheni and [produce of] reva'i saplings; “I have given it to the Levi”: this is maaser of the Levi; “and also I have given it”: this is terumah and terumas maaser; “to the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow”: this is maaser ani, leket, shich'chah, and peah, even though they are not essential to the declaration; “from the house”: this is challah.

“. . .[according] to whatever com-mandment You commanded me”; but if he separated maaser sheni before [maaser] rishon, he is unable to recite the acknowledgment. “I have not transgressed any of Your commandments”: I did not separate [tithes] from [produce of one] species on behalf of [produce which is] not of that species; nor from that which is detached [from the ground] on behalf of that which is attached, or from that which is attached on behalf of that which is detached; nor from the new [crop] on behalf of the old [crop], or from the old [crop] on behalf of the new [crop]. “. . . and I have not forgotten”: I did not forget to bless You and to mention Your Name concerning it.

“I did not eat in my grieving from it”; but if he ate from it while grieving, he is unable to recite the declaration. “. . . and I did not consume it in a state of tumah”; but if he set it aside in tumah, he is unable to recite the acknowledgment. “. . . and I did not give of it for [the needs of] the dead”: I did not acquire with it a casket and shrouds for the dead, and I did not give it to other grievers. “I listened to the voice of Hashem, my God”: I brought it to the Holy Temple. “I have acted according to everything that You have commanded me”: I rejoiced and brought joy [to others] with it.

“Gaze down from Your holy abode, from the heavens”; we have done that which You ordained on us; also You do that which You promised us: “Gaze down from Your holy abode, from the heavens, and bless Your nation, Israel”: with sons and daughters. “. . . and the land which You have given us”: with dew and rain, and with offspring of livestock. “. . . as You swore to our forefathers, a land flowing with milk and honey”: in order that You may instill taste in the produce.

From here they said: Yisraelim and mamzerim may recite the declaration, but not converts and not freed slaves, since they do not have a share in the Land. R' Meir says: Also not Kohanim and Leviim, since they did not get a share in the Land. R' Yose says: They have [the] open cities.

Yochanan Kohen Gadol brought to an end [the recitation of] the maaser declarations. And he also abolished the awakeners and the cutters. Until his days the hammer would bang in Jerusalem. And in his days, it was not necessary for anyone to in-quire about demai.