Two courtyards one behind the other — if the inner made an eruv but the outer did not, the inner is permitted while the outer is prohibited; the outer, but not the inner, both are prohibited; each courtyard made its own eruv, [then] each is individually permitted. R’ Akiva prohibits the outer, because the right of passage restricts it. But the Sages say: The right of passage does not restrict it.

If one [resident] of the outer forgot to contribute to the eruv, the inner is permitted while the outer is prohibited. If one from the inner [forgot], both are prohibited. If they placed their eruv in one place, and one [resident] of either the inner or the outer forgot to contribute to the eruv, both are prohibited. But if they were inhabited by individuals, they need not make an eruv.

A window between two courtyards — [if it is] four by four [fists] within ten, they may make two eruvin, or, if they wish, they may make one eruv; less than four by four or higher than ten, they may make two eruvin, but may not make one eruv.

If a wall between two courtyards is ten [fists] high and four wide, they may make two eruvin, but may not make one eruv. If there was fruit on top of it, these ascend from here and eat, and those ascend from there and eat, provided they do not bring down. If the wall was breached — up to ten cubits, they may make two eruvin, or, if they wish, one eruv, because it is like an entrance; greater than that, they may make one eruv, but may not make two eruvin.

If a trench between two courtyards is ten deep and four wide, they may make two eruvin, but may not make one eruv, even if it is filled with stubble or straw. If it is filled with earth or pebbles, they may make one eruv, but may not make two eruvin.

If one placed a board which is four fists wide across it, similarly if two balconies are opposite each other, they may make two eruvin, or, if they wish, they may make one eruv; less than this, they may make two eruvin, but may not make one eruv.

If a haystack between two courtyards is ten fists high, they may make two eruvin, but may not make one eruv. These may feed from this side and those may feed from that side. If the hay was reduced to less than ten fists, they may make one eruv, but may not make two eruvin.

How do we make a shituf for an alley? One places a barrel and declares, ‘‘Let this belong to all the residents of the alley.’’ He may confer possession to them through his adult son or daughter, through his Jewish manservant or maidservant, or through his wife. But he may not confer possession through his minor son or daughter, nor through his Canaanite slave or slavewoman, because their hand is like his hand.

If the food became diminished, one may add and confer possession, but he does not have to notify [them]. If more [residents] were added, he may add and confer possession, or he must notify [them].

What is its quantity? When they are numerous, food for two meals for all of them; when they are few, the volume of a dried fig, as in the case of transferring on the Sabbath, for each and every one.

R’ Yose said: To what do these words apply? To the installation of the eruv, but for the remnants of the eruv, any amount. For they only required an eruv in courtyards not to let the children forget.

Any [food] may be used to make an eruv or a shituf, except water or salt — [these are] the words of R’ Eliezer. R’ Yehoshua says: A loaf is an eruv. Even if it is baked from a se’ah but it is broken, it may not be used for an eruv; a loaf worth an issar, but which is whole, may be used for an eruv.

A person may give a ma’ah to a grocer or to a baker in order that he give him possession in an eruv — [these are] the words of R’ Eliezer. But the Sages say: His money does not effect possession. But they concur that in regard to other people his money gives him possession. And we cannot make an eruv for a person except with his consent. R’ Yehudah said: To what do these words apply? To eruvei techumin, but in regard to eruvei chatzeiros, we may make an eruv with his consent or without his consent; for we may benefit a person in his absence, but we may not disadvantage a person except in his presence.

How do we make a communal eruvei techumin? One places a barrel, and declares: ‘‘Let this be for all the people of my town’’ — for whoever will go to a house of mourning or a house of rejoicing. Whoever accepted this while it was yet day is per-mitted; after dark, he is prohibited, because we cannot make an eruv after dark.

What is its quantity? Food for two meals for each person; of his food for a week-day, but not for the Sabbath — [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yehudah says: For the Sabbath, but not for a weekday. And both intend to rule leniently. R’ Yochanan ben Berokah says: A loaf worth a pundyon, when four se’ah cost a sela. R’ Shimon says: Two thirds of a loaf of which there are three to a kav. Half of it for a house infected with tzaraas, and one fourth of it to render one’s body pasul.