Any [food] may be used to make an eruv or a shituf, except water and salt. Any [food] may be purchased with tithe funds, except water and salt. One who vowed to abstain from nourishment is permitted water and salt. One may make an eruv for a nazir with wine, or for an Israelite with terumah. Sumchos says: With non-terumah. For a Kohen in a beis-hapras. R’ Yehudah says: Even in a graveyard, because he may go, make a partition, and eat.

We may make an eruv with demai, with first tithe whose terumah has been taken, and with second tithe or consecrated produce that were redeemed; and Kohanim — with challah or with terumah. But not with untithed produce, nor with first tithe whose terumah has not been taken, nor with second tithe or consecrated produce that were not redeemed. If one sends his eruv with a deaf-mute, a mentally deranged person, or a minor, or with someone who does not accept eruv, the eruv is not valid. But if he instructed another to receive it from him, the eruv is valid.

If he placed it on a tree, higher than ten fists, his eruv is not valid; below ten fists, his eruv is valid. If he placed it in a ditch, even a hundred cubits deep, his eruv is valid. If he put it atop a reed or atop a pole, so long as it is uprooted and is stuck [into the ground], even if it is a hundred cubits high, his eruv is valid. If he placed it in a locker and lost the key, the eruv is valid. R’ Eliezer says: If he does not know that the key is in its place, the eruv is not valid.

If it rolled beyond the techum, or a heap fell on it, or it burned, or [it was] terumah which became contaminated — if it was still day, the eruv is invalid; if after dark, the eruv is valid. If it is in doubt — R’ Meir and R’ Yehudah say: He is caught in between. R’ Yose and R’ Shimon say: A doubtful eruv is valid. Said R’ Yose: Avtulmos attested in the name of five sages that a doubtful eruv is valid.

A person may attach a condition to his eruv and say, ‘‘If gentiles come from the east, my eruv is to the west; if from the west, my eruv is to the east; if they come from both directions, I shall go to the place I choose; if they do not come from either direc-tion, I am as my townspeople.’’ ‘‘If a scholar comes from the east, my eruv is to the east; from the west, my eruv is to the west; if one comes to here and [one comes] to there, I shall go to the place I choose; if to neither direction, I am as my townspeople.’’ R’ Yehudah says: If one of the scholars was his teacher, he must go to his teacher. But if both were his teachers, he may go to the place he chooses.

R’ Eliezer says: If Yom Tov adjoins the Sabbath either before it or after it — a person may make two eruvin and declare, ‘‘My eruv [for] the first is to the east and [for] the second to the west’‘; ‘‘[for] the first to the west and [for] the second to the east’’; ‘‘My eruv is [for] the first, but [for] the second I am as my townspeople’’; [or] ‘‘My eruv is [for] the second, but [for] the first I am as my townspeople.’’ But the Sages say: He makes an eruv to one direction or he makes no eruv at all; either he makes an eruv for both days or he makes no eruv at all. How should one proceed? He should take it on the first and stay with it until nightfall, then take it and go. On the second, he should stay with it until nightfall, then eat it. Thus he benefits in his walking [area], and he benefits from his eruv. If it was eaten on the first the eruv is valid for the first, but the eruv is not valid for the second. Said R’ Eliezer: [So] you agree with me that they are two [periods of] holiness!

R’ Yehudah says: [If before] Rosh Hashanah there was concern lest [Elul] be full, a person may make two eruvin and declare, ‘‘My eruv for the first is to the east, and for the second to the west’’; ‘‘For the first to the west, and for the second to the east’’; ‘‘My eruv is for the first, but for the second [I am] as my townspeople’’; [or] ‘‘My eruv is for the second, but for the first [I am] as my townspeople.’’ But the Sages did not agree with him.

Additionally, R’ Yehudah said: A person may stipulate a condition concerning a basket on the first day of Yom Tov and eat it on the second. And so also, an egg laid on the first may be eaten on the second. But the Sages did not agree with him.

R’ Dosa ben Harkinas says: He who leads the prayers on the Yom Tov of Rosh Hashanah says, ‘Fortify us, O HASHEM, our God, on this Rosh Chodesh, whether [it is] today or whether [it will be] tomorrow’’; and on the morrow he says,’’ . . . whether [it is] today or whether [it was] yesterday.’’ But the Sages did not agree with him.