[If] one was passing through the market, and he said [to a group of people], “Take some figs [to eat],” they may eat [the figs] and are exempt [from tithing them]. Therefore, if they brought [the figs] into their houses, they fix [them as if they are] definite [tevel]; [but if he said,] “Take [figs] and bring [them] into your houses,” they may not eat them casually. Therefore, if they brought [the figs] into their houses, they fix them only [as if they are] demai.

[If a group of people] were sitting in a gateway or in a store, and [the owner of the courtyard or store] said, “Take figs for yourselves,” they may eat [the figs] and are exempt [from tithing them], but the owner of the gateway and the storeowner are obligated [to tithe the figs before eating them]. R' Yehudah exempts [the figs from tithes] unless [the owner] turns his face away, or unless he changes the place where he is sitting.

[If] one brings up produce from Galilee to Judea, or goes up to Jerusalem, he may eat from it until he reaches the place to which he is going; and so, too, upon returning. R' Meir says: [He may eat of the produce only] until he reaches the place where he will spend the Sabbath.  And peddlers who circulate in towns may eat until they reach [their] place of lodging. R' Yehudah says: The first house [in the town] is [considered] his house.

[Regarding] produce which had its terumah separated before its processing was completed, R' Eliezer prohibits eating it as a snack, but the Sages permit [it], except [in the case of] a basket of figs. [Regarding] a basket of figs which had its terumah separated, R' Shimon permits [the figs], but the Sages forbid [them].

[If] someone says to his fellow, “Take this issar, and give me five figs for it,” [the buyer] may not eat [the figs] until he separates [their] tithes. [These are] the words of R' Meir. R' Yehudah says: [If] he eats one at a time, [he is] exempt [from tithing]; but if he combines [them], he is obligated [to tithe them].  R' Yehudah said: There was an incident con-cerning a rose garden which was in Jerusalem, [whose] figs were being sold for three or four per issar, and never were terumah and tithes ever separated from its [figs].

[If] one says to his fellow, “Take this issar for ten figs that I will choose for myself,” he may pick [one fig at a time] and eat [it without separating tithes]; [if one says, “Take this issar] for a cluster [of grapes] which I will choose for myself,” he may pick one [grape] at a time and eat [it without separating tithes]; [if he says, “Take this issar] for a pomegranate which I will choose for myself,” he may break off [one seed at a time] and eat [it without separating tithes]; [if he says, “Take this issar] for a melon which I will choose for myself,” he may slice [one piece off at a time] and eat [it without separating tithes].  But if he said to [the owner], “[Take this issar] for these twenty figs,” “for these two clusters [of grapes],” “for these two pomegranates,” [or] “for these two melons,” he may eat [the fruit] in his usual manner and is exempt [from tithes], because he acquired [pro-duce] which is attached to the ground.

[If] one hires a worker to help him spread figs to dry, [and the worker] said to him, “[I will work for you] on condition that I may eat [of the] figs,” [the worker] may eat [the figs] and is exempt [from tithing them]; [if the worker said,] “On condition that I and the members of my household may eat [figs],” or, “[On condition] that my son may eat [figs] as my wages,” he may eat and is exempt [from tithing the figs], and his son may eat but is obligated [to tithe the figs]; [if the worker stipulates,] “On condition that I may eat [figs] during the spreading and after the spreading,” during the spreading he may eat and is exempt [from tithes]; after the spreading he may eat but is obligated [in tithes], because he is not eating by [sanction of] the Torah.  This is the rule: One who eats by [sanction of] the Torah is exempt [from tithes]; but one who does not eat by [sanction of] the Torah is obligated [in tithes].

[A laborer] who is working with levasim figs may not eat benos sheva figs; [if he is working] with benos sheva figs, he may not eat levasim figs, but he may restrain himself [from eating] until he reaches the place of the superior [figs], and eat [those].  If one barters [produce] with his friend, [and] this person [receives produce that had been designated] for eating and this [other] person [also receives produce that had been designated] for eating; [or] this person [receives produce that had been designated] for drying and this [other] person [also receives produce that had been designated] for drying; [or] this person [receives produce that had been designated] for eating and this [other] person [receives produce that had been designated] for drying, [each one is] obligated [to tithe the produce he receives]. R' Yehudah says: The one who bartered [for produce that had been designated] for eating is obligated [to tithe it], but [the one who bartered for produce that had been designated] for drying is exempt [from tithing it].

[If] one carries figs through his courtyard [on his way] to dry [them], his children and the members of his household may eat [the figs] and are exempt [from tithing them]. [Regarding] the laborers who are with him, when they have no claim on him for food, they may eat [the figs] and are exempt [from tithes]; but if they have a claim on him for food, they may not eat [the figs].

[If] one takes his workers out to the field, when they do not have a claim on him for food, they may eat [figs there] and are exempt [from tithing them]. But if they have a claim on him for food, they may eat one at a time from the fig tree, but not from a basket, nor from a box, nor from a pile [of figs].

[If] one hires a laborer to work with olive trees, [and the laborer] said to him, “[I will work for you] on condition that I [may] eat olives,” [if] he eats one at a time, he is exempt [from tithes]; but if he combines [two or more olives], he is obligated [in tithes].  [If one hired a worker] to weed [a patch of] onions, [and] he said to him, “On condition that I [may] eat the green [leaves of the onion plant],” [the worker] may pluck one leaf at a time and eat [it without separating tithes]; but if he combines [two or more leaves], he is obligated [to tithe them].

[If] one found cut figs in the road, even [if he found them] beside a field of cut figs, and similarly [in the case of] a fig tree which hangs over a road and one found figs beneath it, they are permissible with respect to [the prohibition of] theft, and they are exempt from tithes; but in [the case of] olives and carobs, they are obligated [in tithes].  [If] one found dried figs, if most people have [already] pressed [their dried figs], he is obligated [to tithe them]; if not, he is exempt. [If] one found por-tions of [a cake of] pressed figs, he is obligated [to tithe them], for it is known that they are from something [whose processing is] completed.  And [regarding] carobs, as long as he has not yet gathered them on the top of the roof he may take some down for his animal [to eat, and] is exempt [from tithing them], because he returns the surplus.

What [type of] courtyard is obligated in tithes? R' Yishmael says: A Tyrean courtyard, in which utensils are kept safe. R' Akiva says: Any [courtyard the gate of] which one [person] opens and one [person] locks is exempt [from tithes]. R' Nechemyah says: Any [courtyard] inside of which a person is not embarrassed to eat is obligated [in tithes]. R' Yose says: Any [courtyard] which one enters and no [resident] says [to him], “What are you looking for?” is exempt [from tithes].  R' Yehudah says: [Regarding] two courtyards, one [of which is] within the other, the inner [courtyard] is obligated [in tithes] and the outer one is exempt [from tithes].