Whether it be the hire of a man, the hire of a beast, or the hire of utensils, [the law:] “On his day you shall give his wages” (Deut. 24:15) applies, as well as [the law:] “The wage of a hired worker shall not stay over with you until morning” (Lev. 19:13). When? When he claimed it; [but if] he did not claim it, he does not transgress it. [If] he gave him a draft on a store-keeper or a money changer, he does not transgress it.  [If] a hired worker [claims his wage] when it is due, he may swear and take [it]; [if] his time has passed, he may not swear and take [it]. If there are witnesses that he demanded [it] of him, he may swear and take [it].  [As for] a resident alien —- [the law:] “On his day you shall give his wages” applies to him, but [the law:] “The wage of a hired worker shall not stay over with you until morning” does not apply to him.

One who lends his neighbor may not exact security from him except in court; nor may he enter his house to take his security, as it is said (Deut. 24:11): “You shall stand outside.” [If] he has two utensils, he may take one and leave one; and he must re-turn the pillow by night and the plowshare by day. If he dies, he need not return [it] to the heirs. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Even to [the debtor] himself he need only return [it] up to thirty days. After thirty days, he sells them in court.  We may not exact security [from] a widow, whether she be poor or rich, as it is said (ibid: 17): “And you shall not take as se-curity the garment of a widow.”  One who takes a mill as security transgresses a negative commandment; and he is guilty of [taking] two utensils, as it is said (ibid: 6): “He shall not take a lower millstone or an upper millstone as security.” They did not speak only of the lower millstone and the upper millstone, but [of] anything with which food for human consumption is prepared, as it is said (ibid.): “for he takes away a life as security.”