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Bava Basra 10:7
Bava Basra10: 7
שְׁנֵי אַחִין, אֶחָד עָנִי וְאֶחָד עָשִׁיר, וְהִנִּיחַ לָהֶן אֲבִיהֶן מֶרְחָץ וּבֵית הַבַּד, עֲשָׂאָן לְשָׂכָר — הַשָּׂכָר לָאֶמְצַע; עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמָן — הֲרֵי הֶעָשִׁיר אוֹמֵר לֶעָנִי: ,,קַח לָךְ עֲבָדִים וְיִרְחֲצוּ בַמֶּרְחָץ; קַח לָךְ זֵיתִים, וּבֹא וַעֲשֵׂם בְּבֵית הַבַּד”. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ בְעִיר אַחַת, שֵׁם אֶחָד יוֹסֵף בֶּן שִׁמְעוֹן וְשֵׁם אַחֵר יוֹסֵף בֶּן שִׁמְעוֹן — אֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהוֹצִיא שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה עַל זֶה; וְלֹא אַחֵר יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא עֲלֵיהֶן שְׁטָר חוֹב. נִמְצָא לְאֶחָד בֵּין שְׁטָרוֹתָיו ,,שְׁטָרוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף בֶּן שִׁמְעוֹן פָּרוּעַ” — שְׁטָרוֹת שְׁנֵיהֶן פְּרוּעִין. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשׂוּ? יְשַׁלֵּשׁוּ. וְאִם הָיוּ מְשֻׁלָּשִׁים — יִכְתְּבוּ סִימָן. וְאִם הָיוּ מְסֻמָּנִין — יִכְתְּבוּ ,,כֹהֵן”. הָאוֹמֵר לִבְנוֹ: ,,שְׁטָר בֵּין שְׁטָרוֹתַי פָּרוּעַ, וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶהוּ” — שְׁטָרוֹת כֻּלָּן פְּרוּעִין. נִמְצָא לְאֶחָד שָׁם שְׁנַיִם — הַגָּדוֹל פָּרוּעַ וְהַקָּטָן אֵינוֹ פָרוּעַ. הַמַּלְוֶה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ עַל יְדֵי עָרֵב — לֹא יִפָּרַע מִן הֶעָרֵב. וְאִם אָמַר: ,,עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶפָּרַע מִמִּי שֶׁאֶרְצֶה” — יִפָּרַע מִן הֶעָרֵב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: אִם יֵשׁ נְכָסִים לַלֹּוֶה — בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ לֹא יִפָּרַע מִן הֶעָרֵב. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: הֶעָרֵב לָאִשָּׁה בִּכְתֻבָּתָהּ, וְהָיָה בַעְלָהּ מְגָרְשָׁהּ — יַדִּירֶנָּה הֲנָאָה, שֶׁמָּא יַעֲשׂוּ קְנוּנְיָא עַל נְכָסִים שֶׁל זֶה, וְיַחֲזִיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ.
[If there were] two brothers, one poor and one wealthy, and their father left them a bathhouse or an olive press —- [if] he had made them for renting, the rent is divided; [if] he made them for themselves, the wealthy one can say to the poor one, “Ac-quire servants, and let them bathe in the bathhouse; acquire olives, and come process them in the olive press.” Two people in the same town, both named Yosef ben Shimon, cannot produce a document of indebtedness against each other; nor can another produce a document of indebtedness against them. [If] one found among his documents [a receipt stating], “The note of Yosef ben Shimon is paid,” both their notes are [treated as] paid. What should they do? They should [record] the third [gen-eration]. If they were [identical] for three [generations], they should write a description. If they were alike, they should write “Kohen.” If someone said to his son, “One of my notes is paid, but I do not know which,” all the notes are paid. [If] two [notes] from one person were found there, the larger one is [treated as] paid and the smaller one is not [considered] paid. One who lends to another through a guarantor may not collect from the guarantor. If he said, “On condition that I can collect from whomever I wish,” he may collect from the guarantor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: In either case, if the borrower has property, he may not collect from the guarantor. Similarly, Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: [If one was] the guarantor of a woman's kesubah, and her husband was divorc-ing her, he must vow not to derive any [further] benefit from her, to prevent them from plotting against this one's property and [then] remarrying.
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