These are the ones who are strangled: one who strikes his father or mother, one who kidnaps a Jew, an elder who rebels against the word of the court, a false prophet, one who prophesies in the name of a false god, one who commits adultery, the zomemim [witnesses] of the daughter of a Kohen, and the man who cohabited with her.  One who strikes his father or mother is not liable unless he makes a bruise. This is the stringency of one who curses over one who strikes —- one who curses [his parents] after [their] death is liable, whereas one who strikes [them] after [their] death is exempt.  One who kidnaps a Jew is not liable unless he takes him into his possession. R’ Yehudah says: Unless he brings him into his possession and makes use of him, as it is stated: And he made use of him and sold him. [If] one kidnaps his son, R’ Yishmael the son of R’ Yochanan ben Berokah renders [him] liable, but the Sages exempt [him]. [If] he kidnapped someone who was half slave and half free, R’ Yehudah renders [him] liable, but the Sages exempt [him].