Rosh Hashanah 4:3
Rosh Hashanah4: 3
[ג] בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה הַלּוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ שִׁבְעָה, וּבַמְּדִינָה יוֹם אֶחָד. מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הִתְקִין רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי שֶׁיְּהֵא לוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמְּדִינָה שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְשֶׁיְּהֵא יוֹם הָנֵף כֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר.
Originally the lulav was taken in the Temple [all] seven [days of Succos], and in the province [the lulav was taken only] one day.  After the Temple was destroyed, Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai instituted that the lulav be taken in the provinces for seven [days] in remembrance of the Temple, and that the entire day of waving [the omer] should be forbidden.