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Baba Metzia 4:3-4
Rabbi Eric Levy
Rabbi Eric Levy

ืžืฉื ื” ื’


ื”ืื•ื ืื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืกืœืข ืฉืชื•ืช ืœืžืงื— ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืื” ืœืชื’ืจ ืื• ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื“ ื”ืื•ื ืื” ืฉืžื ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืกืœืข ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืœืžืงื— ื•ืฉืžื—ื• ืชื’ืจื™ ืœื•ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ื ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืจ' ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ื”ืื•ื ืื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืกืฃ
ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืขื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื ืฉืฉ ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจ, ื•ื”ืกืœืข ืืจื‘ืข ื“ื™ื ืจื™ืŸ


ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื›ืกืฃ ืœืกืœืข
ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื— ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ืกืœืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขื•ืช ื“ื”ืฉืชื ื”ื•ื™ื ืื•ื ืื” ืฉืชื•ืช ืœืžืงื—, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื•ื ืืชื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืกืฃ


ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ
ืžื™ ืฉื ืชืื ื”. ื•ื”ื ื“ื ืงื˜ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืข ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื— ืื• ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืื•ื ืืชื•


ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืื”
ื”ืžืงื— ืœืชื’ืจ ืื• ืœืื—ื“ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•. ื•ืื ืฉื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื—ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ื ืืชื•. ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื— ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืชื’ืจ ืื• ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืื ื ืชืื ื”. ื•ืื ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืžื›ืจื• ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื˜ืขื” ื•ืฉืชืง ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืข, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื—ืœ


ื•ืฉืžื—ื• ืชื’ืจื™ ืœื•ื“
ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ


---------------------------------
ืžืฉื ื” ื“


ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืื•ื ืื” ื›ืฉื ืฉืื•ื ืื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื›ืš ืื•ื ืื” ืœืชื’ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืื” ืœืชื’ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืจืฆื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืชื™ ืื• ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืื•ื ื™ืชื ื™


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืื™ืŸ
ืœืชื’ืจ ืื•ื ืื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื™ ื•ืžืกืชืžื ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืื—ื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืื™ ื“ื–ื‘ื ื ื”ื›ื™, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืชืจืžื™ ืœื™ื” ื–ื‘ื™ื ื ืื—ืจื™ืชื™. ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื”ื•ื ื“ืงื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื™ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”


ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
ืžื™ ืฉื ืชืื ื”


ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืชื™
ืื ื ืชืื ื” ืœื•ืงื—. ื•ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื. ื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืœื ืื ื”ืื•ื ืื” ืฉืชื•ืช, ืงื ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ื ืื”. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืงื—


Bava Metzia4: 3
ื”ึธืื•ึนื ึธืึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืžึตืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืœึทืกึผึถืœึทืข โ€” ืฉืึฐืชื•ึผืช ืœึทืžึผึดืงึผึธื—. โ€ƒืขึทื“ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ? ืขึทื“ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืจึฐืึถื” ืœึฐืชึทื’ึผึธืจ ืื•ึน ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนื‘ื•ึน. โ€ƒื”ื•ึนืจึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื˜ึทืจึฐืคื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื“: ื”ึธืื•ึนื ึธืึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึนื ึธื” ื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืœึทืกึผึถืœึทืข โ€” ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉื ืœึทืžึผึดืงึผึธื—; ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึฐื—ื•ึผ ืชึทื’ึผึธืจึตื™ ืœึนื“. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื: ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน: ื™ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื˜ึทืจึฐืคื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึตื ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื.
The [amount that constitutes] fraud is four silver [maโ€™os] out of twenty-four silver [maโ€™os which are equivalent] to a sela โ€”- a sixth of the purchase. โ€ƒUntil when can one revoke [the sale]? Until he is able to show [the item] to a merchant or to his relative. โ€ƒRโ€™ Tarfon ruled in Lod: The [amount that constitutes] fraud is eight silver [maโ€™os] out of a sela โ€”- a third of the purchase โ€”- and the merchants of Lod rejoiced. He said to them: For a whole day, one may revoke [the sale]. They said to him: Let Rโ€™ Tarfon leave us alone in our place. And they went back to the words of the Sages.
Bava Metzia4: 4
ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทืœึผื•ึนืงึตื—ึท ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืื•ึนื ึธืึธื”. ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืื•ึนื ึธืึธื” ืœึทื”ึถื“ึฐื™ื•ึนื˜, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืื•ึนื ึธืึธื” ืœึทืชึผึทื’ึผึธืจ. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืึตื™ืŸ ืื•ึนื ึธืึธื” ืœึทืชึผึทื’ึผึธืจ. โ€ƒืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึปื˜ึผึทืœ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• โ€” ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”. ืจึธืฆึธื” โ€” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœื•ึน: ,,ืชึผึถืŸ ืœึดื™ ืžึธืขื•ึนืชึทื™โ€, ืื•ึน: ,,ืชึผึถืŸ ืœึดื™ ืžึทื” ืฉืึผึถืื•ึนื ึตื™ืชึทื ึดื™โ€.
Both the buyer and the seller are governed by the [law of] fraud. Just as [the law of] fraud [applies] to a layman, so does [the law of] fraud [apply] to a merchant. Rโ€™ Yehudah says: [The law of] fraud does not [apply] to a merchant. โ€ƒThe one who has been imposed upon has the upper hand. If he wishes, he may say to him: โ€œGive me my moneyโ€, or: โ€Give me what you defrauded me.โ€

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