Sanhedrin 1:1-2

ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื


ืžืฉื ื” ื


ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื’ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื ื–ืง ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื ื–ืง ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื›ืคืœ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื”ืื•ื ืก ื•ื”ืžืคืชื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ืื•ืช


ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”
ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืืฆืจื›ื•ื”ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœืฉืœืฉื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืชื ืขื•ืœ ื“ืœืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื™ื›ืคื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืคื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืŸ, ื“ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื. ื•ืžื™ื ื” ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืŸ


ื ื–ืง
ืื“ื ืื• ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ื–ื™ืงื• ื“ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื ื–ืง ืฉืœื


ื—ืฆื™ ื ื–ืง
ืฉื•ืจ ืชื ืฉื”ื–ื™ืง. ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช, ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื™ืชื ื™ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื›ืคืœ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื™ืง, ืฉืžืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื ื ื ืžื™ ื—ืฆื™ ื ื–ืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื–ื™ืง ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฉืœื ืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืชื ื ื—ืฆื™ ื ื–ืง ืชื ื ื ืžื™ ื ื–ืง


ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืจืข
ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื‘ืชืš ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืื” ื›ืกืฃ


ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช
ื“ืื ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื–ื ืชื” ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื•ืกืงืœื•ื”. ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ. ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื—ื›ืžื™ื


---------------------------------
ืžืฉื ื” ื‘


ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ืžืฉื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื•ืžืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ืื ื’ืžืจื• ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืžื›ื•ืช
ืžืœืงื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื


ื‘ืฉืœืฉื”
ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ื’ืฉื• ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฉืคื˜ื•ื, ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘"ื“ ืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœืฉื”


ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื”
ืืชื™ื ืจืฉืข ืจืฉืข, ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืข ืœืžื•ืช. ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉื”


ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžืชื ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืชื ื ื ืžื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ


ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ
ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘"ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืœืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘"ื“ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืขื‘ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ื˜ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื•. ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื•ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืฉื‘, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืื• ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืžืฉื”. ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš, ื‘ื˜ืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืžืคืจืฉ, ื“ื”ื ื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ื—ืžืฉื” ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ืžืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืขื”. ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘"ื’


Sanhedrin1: 1
ื“ึผึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึธืžื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืœื•ึนืช ื•ึทื—ึฒื‘ึธืœื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ื ึถื–ึถืง ื•ึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื ึถื–ึถืง, ืชึผึทืฉืึฐืœื•ึผืžึตื™ ื›ึถืคึถืœ, ื•ึฐืชึทืฉืึฐืœื•ึผืžึตื™ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึดืฉืึผึธื”, ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ื”ึธืื•ึนื ึตืก, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึฐืคึทืชึผึถื”, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืฉืึตื ืจึทืข ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึดื™ืจ. ื•ึทื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืฉืึตื ืจึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึถืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื“ึดื™ื ึตื™ ื ึฐืคึธืฉืื•ึนืช.
Monetary cases [are judged] by three; [cases of] theft and bodily injury [are judged] by three; [claims for] full damages and half damages, twofold compensation, and fourfold or fivefold compensation, [are judged] by three; [claims against] a rapist, a seducer, and a defamer [are judged] by three; [these are] the words of Rโ€™ Meir. However, the Sages say: [Claims against] a defamer are [judged] by twenty-three, because they involve a capital charge.
Sanhedrin1: 2
ืžึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”. ืžึดืฉืึผื•ึผื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ: ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”. ืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื”ึทืฉืึผึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”; ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึดื™ืจ. ืจึทื‘ึผึธืŸ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื’ึผึทืžึฐืœึดื™ืึตืœ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึดืฉืึผึธื” ื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืชึฐื ึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธื”. ื•ึฐืึดื ื’ึผึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึดืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืžึฐืขึปื‘ึผึถืจึถืช.
[Cases of] lashes [are judged] by three. In the name of Rโ€™ Yishmael they said: By twenty-three. The intercalating of the month is by three; the intercalating of the year is by three; [these are] the words of Rโ€™ Meir. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: It is begun with three, discussed by five, and concluded by seven. If they concluded with three it is valid.