[Regarding] undeveloped fruit and unripe fruit, R’ Akiva rules [them susceptible to becoming] tamei with tumas ochalin. R’ Yochanan ben Nuri says: [They are susceptible only] when they reach the tithing stage. [Regarding] hardened olives and grapes, Beis Shammai rule [them susceptible to becoming] tamei, but Beis Hillel rule them tahor. [Regarding] fennel, Beis Shammai rule [it] tahor, but Beis Hillel rule [it susceptible to becoming] tamei. And so too regarding tithes.

Heart of palm is like wood for all matters, except that it may be purchased with maaser [sheni] money. Immature dates are food, but are exempt from tithes.

From when do fish contract tumas [ochalin]? Beis Shammai say: From when they are caught. But Beis Hillel say: From when they die. R’ Akiva says: If they are able to live. [Regarding] a branch of a fig tree that was torn off but is still attached by [its] peel, R’ Yehudah rules it tahor. But the Sages say: [Only] if it can live. Grain that was uprooted but is attached by even a small root is tahor.

Cheilev of a kosher animal is not tamei with tu-mah of neveilah; therefore it requires hechsher. Cheilev of a non-kosher-species animal is tamei with the tumah of neveilah; therefore it does not require hechsher. Non-kosher fish and non-kosher grasshoppers require thought in villages.