[There was] an incident with a certain woman who came before R’ Akiva. She said to him, “I found a bloodstain.” He said to her, “Perhaps you had a wound?” She said to him, “Yes, but it healed.” He said to her, “Perhaps [the scab] is fit to peel and bring forth blood?” She replied, “Yes,” and R’ Akiva ruled her tahor. He saw his students looking at one another [in amaze-ment]. He said to them, “Why is the matter difficult in your eyes? For the Sages did not enact the [tumah of bloodstains] to be strict, but rather to be lenient, for it states, `When a woman has a discharge, her discharge from her flesh being blood’ —- blood, but not a bloodstain.”

[Regarding] an examination-cloth that was placed under the pillow and blood was found on it: [If the stain is] round, it is ta-hor, [but] elongated, it is tamei; [these are] the words of R’ Elazar the son of R’ Tzadok.

A woman was attending to her needs and saw blood. R’ Meir says: If she was standing, she is tamei, but if she was sitting, she is tahor. R’ Yose says: Either way, she is tahor.

A man and a woman attended to their needs, [urinating] into the basin, and blood was found upon the urine. R’ Yose rules [her] tahor, but R’ Shimon rules [her] tamei since it is not normal for a man to discharge blood; rather, the presumption of blood [is that it comes] from the woman.